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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Dissipative Force and Laser Cooling of a Ladder-Type Three-Level Atom

Z. C. Wang, Lei Tan

Published Sep 15, 2003• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical study is made of the dissipative force and Doppler cooling of a ladder-type three-level atom coupled to a travelling coherent light beam. The dependence of the force on parameters such as detunings, Rabi frequencies, spontaneous decay and coherence transfer rates is calculated numerically and shown graphically. Analytical expressions for the force are obtained for special parameter values. It is shown that for suitable choices of parameter values, it is possible to cool three-level atoms to temperatures down below the Doppler limit.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.72.2213

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A theoretical study is made of the dissipative force and Doppler cooling of a ladder-type three-level atom coupled to a travelling coherent light beam. The dependence of the force on parameters such as detunings, Rabi frequencies, spontaneous decay and coherence transfer rates is calculated numerically and shown graphically. Analytical expressions for the force are obtained for special parameter values. It is shown that for suitable choices of parameter values, it is possible to cool three-level atoms to temperatures down below the Doppler limit.
Radiation pressure and laser cooling of a moving three-level ladder-type atom in bichromatic travelling fields are considered. The dependence of the force on parameters such as detunings, Rabi frequencies and spontaneous decay rates is calculated numerically and shown graphically and analytical expressions for the force are obtained for some special parameter values. It is shown that the radiation pressure shows Doppler-shifted resonance peaks resulting respectively from one-photon and two-photon transitions. Using the present scheme, Doppler cooling of sodium exploiting the 3 2 S 1/2 –3 2 P 3/2 –3 2 D 5/2 cascade transitions is investigated. It is found that temperatures lower than the Doppler limit can be achieved.
We examine the laser cooling of three-level (Lambda) -atoms in the field of two standing waves when frequency detunings are considerably greater than natural width of the excited state as well as the Rabi frequencies in the system. It is shown that at the difference of frequency detunings is small when compared to the Rabi frequencies sub-Doppler cooling of the (Lambda) -atom is possible. We present the dependence of the light pressure force on the atoms velocity and dependence of cooled atoms temperature on the parameters of the exciting waves.
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The radiation pressure and laser cooling of a V-type three level atom in coherent fields in a squeezed vacuum are considered. From the Hamiltonian of the atomic system, making use of Born-Markoff approximation, the optical Bloch equations are derived. Using the adiabatic approximation, the expression of the mean dissipative force are acquired. The achievable equilibrium temperature is given by the quantum regression theorem and Einstein relation. The dependence of the spontaneous radiation pressure and ultimate temperature on quantum interference, average photon number and Rabi frequency are analyzed. The result shows that temperatures lower than the Doppler limit can be achieved.
A theoretical study is carried out for the cavity cooling of a ΛΛΛ-type three level atom in a high-finesse optical cavity with a weakly driven field. Analytical expressions for the friction, diffusion coefficients and the equilibrium temperatures are obtained by using the Heisenberg equations, then they are calculated numerically and shown graphically as a function of controlling parameters. For a suitable choice of these parameters, the dynamics of the cavity field interaction with the ΛΛΛ-type three-level atom introduces a sisyphus cooling mechanism yielding lower temperatures below the Doppler limit and allowing larger cooling rate, avoiding the problems induced by spontaneous emission.