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Journal of Lanzhou University

Laser cooling of a moving atom in a bichromatical travelling field

Lei Tan, Zhang Rui Qin

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A theoretical study is made of the Doppler cooling of a moving three-level atom coupled to bichromatical traveling fields.The dependences of the equilibrium temperature of the atom on two-photon detunings are calculated numerically under conditions of different laser intensity,frequencies and propaga- tional direction.It is shown that temperatures lower than the one in the one-photon processes can be achieved in the enhancement of the two-photon processes.

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A theoretical study is made of the Doppler cooling of a moving three-level atom coupled to bichromatical traveling fields.The dependences of the equilibrium temperature of the atom on two-photon detunings are calculated numerically under conditions of different laser intensity,frequencies and propaga- tional direction.It is shown that temperatures lower than the one in the one-photon processes can be achieved in the enhancement of the two-photon processes.
Radiation pressure and laser cooling of a moving three-level ladder-type atom in bichromatic travelling fields are considered. The dependence of the force on parameters such as detunings, Rabi frequencies and spontaneous decay rates is calculated numerically and shown graphically and analytical expressions for the force are obtained for some special parameter values. It is shown that the radiation pressure shows Doppler-shifted resonance peaks resulting respectively from one-photon and two-photon transitions. Using the present scheme, Doppler cooling of sodium exploiting the 3 2 S 1/2 –3 2 P 3/2 –3 2 D 5/2 cascade transitions is investigated. It is found that temperatures lower than the Doppler limit can be achieved.
A theoretical study is carried out for the laser cooling of a moving three-level atom in a ladder configuration, driven by a bichromatic laser fields with a broad-band squeezed vacuum. The friction, diffusion coefficients and the equilibrium temperature are calculated numerically and shown graphically as a function of two-photon detunings for various cases of the squeezed vacuum. It is shown that the relative phases between the two coherent fields and the squeezed vacuum field play an important role in the cooling process. For a suitable choice of parameters, the atomic cooling temperature may be reduced to below that in the case of a vacuum, even down to two orders below the Doppler temperature limit. The efficiency of this cooling scheme is also analyzed.
A theoretical study is made of the dissipative force and Doppler cooling of a ladder-type three-level atom coupled to a travelling coherent light beam. The dependence of the force on parameters such as detunings, Rabi frequencies, spontaneous decay and coherence transfer rates is calculated numerically and shown graphically. Analytical expressions for the force are obtained for special parameter values. It is shown that for suitable choices of parameter values, it is possible to cool three-level atoms to temperatures down below the Doppler limit.
We examine the laser cooling of three-level (Lambda) -atoms in the field of two standing waves when frequency detunings are considerably greater than natural width of the excited state as well as the Rabi frequencies in the system. It is shown that at the difference of frequency detunings is small when compared to the Rabi frequencies sub-Doppler cooling of the (Lambda) -atom is possible. We present the dependence of the light pressure force on the atoms velocity and dependence of cooled atoms temperature on the parameters of the exciting waves.
The radiation force on a moving atom in a bichromatical travelling field is investigated in this paper. The relation of the atomic stimulated transition rate and the radiation force on the atom with its velocity in a bichromatical travelling wave is obtained by numberical calculation. Compared with that in a monochromatical travelling or a standing wave, the result in the bichromatical field have its own character, which is useful in the investigation of laser cooling of neutral atoms, selection of atomic velocity and atomic mometum diffusion.
Laser cooling is theoretically investigated in a cascade three-level scheme, where the excited state of a laser-driven transition is coupled by a second laser to a top, more stable level, as for alkaline-earth-metal atoms. The second laser action modifies the atomic scattering cross section and produces temperatures lower than those reached by Doppler cooling on the lower transition. When multiphoton processes due to the second laser are relevant, an electromagnetic-induced transparency modifies the absorption of the first laser, and the final temperature is controlled by the second laser parameters. When the intermediate state is only virtually excited, the dynamics is dominated by the two-photon process and the final temperature is determined by the spontaneous decay rate of the top state.