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Acta Physica Sinica

The radiation pressure and laser cooling of a V-type three level atom

Qin Zhang, Jin Hyoun Kang, Yuanhe Tang, Guanghui Qu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The radiation pressure and laser cooling of a V-type three level atom in coherent fields in a squeezed vacuum are considered. From the Hamiltonian of the atomic system, making use of Born-Markoff approximation, the optical Bloch equations are derived. Using the adiabatic approximation, the expression of the mean dissipative force are acquired. The achievable equilibrium temperature is given by the quantum regression theorem and Einstein relation. The dependence of the spontaneous radiation pressure and ultimate temperature on quantum interference, average photon number and Rabi frequency are analyzed. The result shows that temperatures lower than the Doppler limit can be achieved.

DOI
10.7498/aps.60.053204

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The radiation pressure and laser cooling of a V-type three level atom in coherent fields in a squeezed vacuum are considered. From the Hamiltonian of the atomic system, making use of Born-Markoff approximation, the optical Bloch equations are derived. Using the adiabatic approximation, the expression of the mean dissipative force are acquired. The achievable equilibrium temperature is given by the quantum regression theorem and Einstein relation. The dependence of the spontaneous radiation pressure and ultimate temperature on quantum interference, average photon number and Rabi frequency are analyzed. The result shows that temperatures lower than the Doppler limit can be achieved.
Radiation pressure and laser cooling of a moving three-level ladder-type atom in bichromatic travelling fields are considered. The dependence of the force on parameters such as detunings, Rabi frequencies and spontaneous decay rates is calculated numerically and shown graphically and analytical expressions for the force are obtained for some special parameter values. It is shown that the radiation pressure shows Doppler-shifted resonance peaks resulting respectively from one-photon and two-photon transitions. Using the present scheme, Doppler cooling of sodium exploiting the 3 2 S 1/2 –3 2 P 3/2 –3 2 D 5/2 cascade transitions is investigated. It is found that temperatures lower than the Doppler limit can be achieved.
This paper mainly studies the radiation pressure of a moving ladder-type three-level atom driven by a superposition of a bichromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vaccum and obtains the steady-state expression for the radiation force.Frist,from the master equations for a moving ladder-type three-level atom driven by a superposition of a bichromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vaccum,we derive the equations for the atomic density matrix element.Second,by choosing proper scaled variables,Bloch equations for the atomic population are obtained.Then,from Heisenberg equation for atomic momentum,considering the adiabatic approximation,the mathematical expression of the mean radiation pressure is obtained.At last,by considering the steady-state case in which the atomic population doesn't vary with time and the condition,the steady-state expression of the radiation pressure is obtained.
A theoretical study is made of the dissipative force and Doppler cooling of a ladder-type three-level atom coupled to a travelling coherent light beam. The dependence of the force on parameters such as detunings, Rabi frequencies, spontaneous decay and coherence transfer rates is calculated numerically and shown graphically. Analytical expressions for the force are obtained for special parameter values. It is shown that for suitable choices of parameter values, it is possible to cool three-level atoms to temperatures down below the Doppler limit.
We examine the laser cooling of three-level (Lambda) -atoms in the field of two standing waves when frequency detunings are considerably greater than natural width of the excited state as well as the Rabi frequencies in the system. It is shown that at the difference of frequency detunings is small when compared to the Rabi frequencies sub-Doppler cooling of the (Lambda) -atom is possible. We present the dependence of the light pressure force on the atoms velocity and dependence of cooled atoms temperature on the parameters of the exciting waves.
This paper mainly deals with the steady-state population of a moving ladder-type three-level atom,driven by a superposition of a monochromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vacuum,From the Hamiltonian of the atomic system,making use of Born-Markoff approximation,we derive the master equation for the system and the atomic Bloch equations and obtain the steady-state solutions of the optical Bloch equations using numerical calculation.Then we discuss the dependence of the attained population σ_(ii) on parameters such as detuning Δ,Rabi frequencies e_1e_2,phase ,squeezing photon number N and spontaneous decay ratesγ_1 γ_2 etc in different cases by using graphical method.
A theoretical study is carried out for the laser cooling of a moving three-level atom in a ladder configuration, driven by a bichromatic laser fields with a broad-band squeezed vacuum. The friction, diffusion coefficients and the equilibrium temperature are calculated numerically and shown graphically as a function of two-photon detunings for various cases of the squeezed vacuum. It is shown that the relative phases between the two coherent fields and the squeezed vacuum field play an important role in the cooling process. For a suitable choice of parameters, the atomic cooling temperature may be reduced to below that in the case of a vacuum, even down to two orders below the Doppler temperature limit. The efficiency of this cooling scheme is also analyzed.