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Journal of Xianyang Normal University

Radiation Pressure of a Moving Ladder-Type Three-Level Atom in Broad-Band Squeezed Vacuum

Yuan Hai-liang

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
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Abstract

This paper mainly studies the radiation pressure of a moving ladder-type three-level atom driven by a superposition of a bichromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vaccum and obtains the steady-state expression for the radiation force.Frist,from the master equations for a moving ladder-type three-level atom driven by a superposition of a bichromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vaccum,we derive the equations for the atomic density matrix element.Second,by choosing proper scaled variables,Bloch equations for the atomic population are obtained.Then,from Heisenberg equation for atomic momentum,considering the adiabatic approximation,the mathematical expression of the mean radiation pressure is obtained.At last,by considering the steady-state case in which the atomic population doesn't vary with time and the condition,the steady-state expression of the radiation pressure is obtained.

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Journal of Qinghai University•Jan 1, 2007•0 citations
This paper mainly studies the radiation pressure of a moving ladder-type three-level atom driven by a superposition of a bichromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vaccum and obtains the steady-state expression for the radiation force.Frist,from the master equations for a moving ladder-type three-level atom driven by a superposition of a bichromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vaccum,we derive the equations for the atomic density matrix element.Second,by choosing proper scaled variables,Bloch equations for the atomic population are obtained.Then,from Heisenberg equation for atomic momentum,considering the adiabatic approximation,the mathematical expression of the mean radiation pressure is obtained.At last,by considering the steady-state case in which the atomic population doesn't vary with time and the condition,the steady-state expression of the radiation pressure is obtained.
This paper mainly deals with the steady-state population of a moving ladder-type three-level atom,driven by a superposition of a monochromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vacuum,From the Hamiltonian of the atomic system,making use of Born-Markoff approximation,we derive the master equation for the system and the atomic Bloch equations and obtain the steady-state solutions of the optical Bloch equations using numerical calculation.Then we discuss the dependence of the attained population σ_(ii) on parameters such as detuning Δ,Rabi frequencies e_1e_2,phase ,squeezing photon number N and spontaneous decay ratesγ_1 γ_2 etc in different cases by using graphical method.
The radiation pressure and laser cooling of a V-type three level atom in coherent fields in a squeezed vacuum are considered. From the Hamiltonian of the atomic system, making use of Born-Markoff approximation, the optical Bloch equations are derived. Using the adiabatic approximation, the expression of the mean dissipative force are acquired. The achievable equilibrium temperature is given by the quantum regression theorem and Einstein relation. The dependence of the spontaneous radiation pressure and ultimate temperature on quantum interference, average photon number and Rabi frequency are analyzed. The result shows that temperatures lower than the Doppler limit can be achieved.
A study is made of the steady state populations of a three level ladder atom in a squeezed vacuum, driven by a superposition of a monochromatic laser wave with incoherent population pumping. Using the density matrix equations for the system, the steady state populations are calculated numerically and shown graphically as functions of two photon detuning for various cases of the squeezed vacuum and different incoherent pump rates. It is shown that the incoherent population pumping tends to greatly decrease the two photon absorption from the squeezed vacuum.
Radiation pressure and laser cooling of a moving three-level ladder-type atom in bichromatic travelling fields are considered. The dependence of the force on parameters such as detunings, Rabi frequencies and spontaneous decay rates is calculated numerically and shown graphically and analytical expressions for the force are obtained for some special parameter values. It is shown that the radiation pressure shows Doppler-shifted resonance peaks resulting respectively from one-photon and two-photon transitions. Using the present scheme, Doppler cooling of sodium exploiting the 3 2 S 1/2 –3 2 P 3/2 –3 2 D 5/2 cascade transitions is investigated. It is found that temperatures lower than the Doppler limit can be achieved.
Theories of radiation pressure based on rate equations and on the optical Bloch equations are developed within a common framework that allows comparison of the two. The latter method is used to determine the time dependence of the mean momentum of a two-level atom subjected to monochromatic coherent light for general values of various broadening parameters and detuning. The expression for the corresponding radiation pressure force in the limit of steady-state atomic level populations includes previous results as special cases. The rate equation method provides a fully quantum-mechanical calculation of an expression obtained by Einstein for the rate of change of mean-square atomic momentum in thermal equilibrium.
By analyzing the influence of the motion of the atoms on the steady-state populations of the atomic levels,we found that the Doppler frequency shift in the double-photon resonance occurs near to the zero double-photon detuning and the Doppler frequency shift in the single-photon resonauce near to the zero single-photon detuning.The double-photon resonance near to zero double-photon detuning does not make the Doppler frequency shift occured when atoms are driven by two counter propagating but same frequency laser beams.