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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum public-key encryption protocols with information-theoretic security

Li Yang, Biyao Yang, Jiangyou Pan

Published Apr 10, 2012• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

All of the widely used public-key encryption schemes will not remain their security in the environment of quantum computing. We present here two quantum public-key encryption protocols of classical message, and show that they can achieve information-theoretical security owing to a new type structure of public-key encryption algorithm.
DOI
10.1117/12.922444

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Abstract Asymmetric encryption has some important applications in the field of communication. In classical computers, most public key encryption schemes are designed based on computational assumption. In other words, they can ensure computational security. When the computing power is large enough, it will pose a threat to these encryption schemes. We propose a quantum public key encryption scheme which based on properties of quantum physics. Our scheme realizes encryption and decryption with few resources and does not rely on any computational assumption. The key in our scheme consists of classical bits and qubits. Where the private key are classical bit and public key are qubits. The public key are generated through private key. We analyze the performance and security of the scheme. Our scheme ensures the information-theoretic secure and can be implemented easily.
We present several quantum public-key encryption (QPKE) protocols designed with conjugate coding single-photon string, thus may be realized in laboratory with nowadays techniques. Two of these schemes are orienting one-bit message, and are extended to two kinds of QPKE schemes orienting multi-bits. The novel structure of these protocols ensures they are information-theoretically secure with, probably, a bound greater than any given polynomial of nnn. Finally, we describe a way to conceal the classical part of the public key with quantum state, this idea is expected to enhance a scheme to be information-theoretically secure.