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arXiv:1205.2246

Quantum public-key algorithms to encrypt and authenticate quantum messages with information-theoretic security

Min Liang, Li Yang

Published May 10, 2012• 1 citation
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Abstract

Public-key cryptosystems for quantum messages are considered from two aspects: public-key encryption and public-key authentication. Firstly, we propose a general construction of quantum public-key encryption scheme, and then construct an information-theoretic secure instance. Then, we propose a quantum public-key authentication scheme, which can protect the integrity of quantum messages. This scheme can both encrypt and authenticate quantum messages. It is information-theoretic secure with regard to encryption, and the success probability of tampering decreases exponentially with the security parameter with regard to authentication. Compared with classical public-key cryptosystems, one private-key in our schemes corresponds to an exponential number of public-keys, and every quantum public-key used by the sender is an unknown quantum state to the sender.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1205.2246

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Public-key cryptosystems for quantum messages are considered from two aspects: public-key encryption and public-key authentication. Firstly, we propose a general construction of quantum public-key encryption scheme, and then construct an information-theoretic secure instance. Then, we propose a quantum public-key authentication scheme, which can protect the integrity of quantum messages. This scheme can both encrypt and authenticate quantum messages. It is information-theoretic secure with regard to encryption, and the success probability of tampering decreases exponentially with the security parameter with regard to authentication. Compared with classical public-key cryptosystems, one private-key in our schemes corresponds to an exponential number of public-keys, and every quantum public-key used by the sender is an unknown quantum state to the sender.
Sensor networks are the key to gathering the information needed by smart environments, However, the highly constrained nature of sensors imposes a difficult challenge: their reduced availability of memory, processing power and energy hinders the deployment of many modern cryptographic algorithms considered secure, a number of extensive analyses comparing different encryption algorithms and key management schemes have been developed, while very little attention has been given to message authentication solutions. The purpose is to assess the options for protecting the integrity of messages in sensor networks and have a solution that protects against all kinds of attacks. A polynomial - based scheme was introduced to provide pair-wise connectivity, high scalability and also observed to be resilient against both traffic analysis and node capture attacks. In this paper, we propose a scalable message authentication scheme based on quantum cryptography which exchange a key securely by means of quantum key distribution and allows the breaking of various popular public-key encryption and signature schemes (e.g., RSA and ElGamal).
We propose two definitions of quantum one-way transformation and quantum trapdoor one-way transformation beyond computational hypothesis, and give four examples. Then, we present a general way to construct a quantum public-key encryption scheme from a quantum one-way transformation and a quantum trapdoor oneway transformation, and give a concrete example which is quantum-message-oriented. The security of this kind of encryption schemes is based on the one-way property of quantum one-way transformation and quantum trapdoor one-way transformation, and this kind of schemes is information-theoretically secure.