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Physics Letters A

The physical consequences of unlinked diagrams in the Abrikosov large energy representation of spin operators

Kenta Murata

Published Nov 1, 1972• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0375-9601(72)90749-9

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We apply the recently proposed supersymmetric Hubbard operators [P. Coleman, C. P\'epin, and J. Hopkinson, Phys. Rev. B 63, 140411(R) (2001)] to an atomic model. In the limiting case of free spins, we derive exact results for the entropy which are compared with a mean-field + Gaussian corrections description. We show how these results can be extended to the case of charge fluctuations and calculate exact results for the partition function, free energy, and heat capacity of an atomic model for some simple examples. Wave-functions of possible states are listed. We compare the accuracy of large N expansions of the susy spin operators [P. Coleman, C. P\'epin, and A. M. Tsvelik, Phys. Rev. B 62, 3852 (2000); Nucl. Phys. B 586, 641 (2000)] with those obtained using ``Schwinger bosons'' and ``Abrikosov pseudofermions.'' For the atomic model, we compare results of slave boson, slave fermion, and susy Hubbard operator approximations in the physically interesting but uncontrolled limiting case of $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}2.$ For a mixed representation of spins, we estimate the accuracy of large N expansions of the atomic model. In the single box limit, we find that the lowest-energy susy saddle point reduces to simply either slave bosons or slave fermions, while for higher boxes this is not the case. The highest energy saddle point solution has the interesting feature that it admits a small region of a mixed representation, which bears a superficial resemblance to that observed experimentally close to an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point.
Quantum spin liquids exhibit fractionalized spin excitations as a consequence of strong quantum many-body effects. The kagome antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model is a promising candidate for a quantum spin-liquid ground state; however, the nature of its excitation spectrum remains controversial, particularly regarding the presence of a spin gap and the gauge structure coupled to fractional quasiparticles. To address these issues, parton approaches have been extensively employed, where spin operators are represented in terms of fermionic or bosonic quasiparticles within the Abrikosov fermion and Schwinger boson frameworks. Thus far, these approaches have been pursued independently, and it has remained unclear how the results obtained from these frameworks compare, particularly with respect to the spin dynamics and gauge structure of the kagome antiferromagnet. Here, we investigate the dynamical spin structure factor of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on the kagome lattice, relevant to herbertsmithite, by employing both approaches. We find that the dynamical spin structure factor obtained from the Abrikosov fermion mean-field theory exhibits dome-shaped features, and that its continuum structure significantly depends on the gauge structure of the spin-liquid ansatz. On the other hand, the Schwinger boson mean-field theory yields a concave-down structure in the low-energy region, distinct from that obtained using the Abrikosov fermion approach. Moreover, incorporating many-body effects beyond the mean-field approximation substantially reduces the low-energy gap and enhances the low-energy spectral weight, consistent with experimental observations. Our results suggest the importance of many-body effects in the Schwinger boson theory for capturing the low-energy spin dynamics of kagome antiferromagnets.