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Optics Letters

Multistep cascading in periodically poled directional couplers

Kaloian Koynov, Solomon M. Saltiel, Yuri S. Kivshar

Published Sep 1, 2005• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We suggest a novel scheme for multistep cascaded parametric processes based on a periodically poled nonlinear directional coupler and derive the conditions for simultaneous phase matching of the second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency mixing processes. We predict an efficient wavelength conversion by the cascaded third-harmonic generation from the third optical communication window (1.53-1.56 microm) to visible in a LiNbO3 poled waveguide coupler.

DOI
10.1364/ol.30.002284

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We suggest a novel scheme for multistep cascaded parametric processes based on a periodically poled nonlinear directional coupler and derive the conditions for simultaneous phase matching of the second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency mixing processes. We predict an efficient wavelength conversion by the cascaded third-harmonic generation from the third optical communication window (1.53-1.56 microm) to visible in a LiNbO3 poled waveguide coupler.
The principle of all-optical wavelength conversion based on the cascaded sum and difference frequency generation (SFG+DFG) in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides is introduced. The conversion efficiency of the wavelength converter is calculated. The influences of the powers and span of two pumps on the conversion efficiency are analyzed. Bandwidth of one pump wavelength is discussed. The tuning is about 0.5 nm. The signal pulse width is compressed about 0.68 times.
A novel wavelength conversion scheme based on cascaded sum-frequency generation (SFG) and difference-frequency generation (DFG) is proposed and demonstrated in a MgO-doped LiNbO3 quasi-phase-matched waveguide. In this scheme, two pump wavelengths are set outside the communication band. It is shown that the same conversion efficiency can be achieved by use of two pump sources with lower output power (P1, P2) in this scheme compared with the conventional cascaded wavelength conversion technique based on second-harmonic generation and DFG with a single higher-power pump beam (P = P1 + P2) that is due to the use of a larger SFG nonlinear coefficient. The results significantly influence the selection of a suitable nonlinear interaction scheme for practical applications.
Cascaded (chi) (2) based wavelength conversions in quasi phase-matched periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide were theoretically analyzed by the step-by-step method. The analytic expressions were obtained and analyzed in detail to reveal the physical insight of the wavelength converters based on the cascaded (chi) (2) process. In addition, the phase shift of the converted light was studied using the obtained analytic expressions. Some of the simulated results were compared with our experimental results.
We investigate response flatting of cascaded sum- and difference- frequency generation (SFG/DFG)-based wavelength conversion in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides for wavelength division multiplexing optical communication systems. The cascaded SFG/DFG-based configuration shows more robustly combined properties than conventional DFG-based and cascaded second-harmonic generation and DFG (SHG/DFG)-based configurations. The response fluctuation, generated while enhancing the conversion bandwidth, can be efficiently reduced by the method of pump detuning or QPM period detuning.