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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Transmission of quantum correlations of light into atoms

В. Н. Горбачев, Andrew I. Trubilko

Published Nov 1, 2010• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The interaction between two broadband modes of a parametric source of light and two atoms located at different positions has been considered. As follows from the obtained Bell inequalities for light and atoms, quantum correlations of modes, which are caused by the nonlocality of the state of the source, are completely transmitted into atoms. The system under consideration can be used as a quantum channel where information is encoded in nonorthogonal states by modulating the intensity of a pump wave. The channel capacity has been calculated, which is determined by the Helstrom limit.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364010210113

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The interaction between two broadband modes of a parametric source of light and two atoms located at different positions has been considered. As follows from the obtained Bell inequalities for light and atoms, quantum correlations of modes, which are caused by the nonlocality of the state of the source, are completely transmitted into atoms. The system under consideration can be used as a quantum channel where information is encoded in nonorthogonal states by modulating the intensity of a pump wave. The channel capacity has been calculated, which is determined by the Helstrom limit.
We consider the irreversible dynamics of two two-level atoms that interact with a bipartite broad-band electromagnetic field in an entangled state that forms a heat bath with a quantum correlation. Using Ito’s stochastic integration technique, we have derived a kinetic equation for atoms and found their steady state, which turns out to be inseparable and leads to a violation of Bell’s inequalities. The application of the atomic state found as a quantum channel for teleportation is considered. We have calculated the channel quality or fidelity that determines the possibilities for using the channel, in particular, characterizes its security. The process of teleportation by means of a quantum channel formed by an entangled heat bath is considered. Comparison of two (atomic and light) channels has shown that they have different properties with regard to separability and identical properties with regard to nonlocality. This means that nonlocality can be completely transferred from light to atoms.
Two-mode generation of light in a system of N identical relaxation-free atoms placed in a resonator is considered on the basis of the derived controlling Fokker-Planck equation for the Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability. Under steady-state conditions, a state of modes is formed with nonclassical correlation characterized by sub-Poison statistics of photons and leading to complete suppression of shot noise. Being an entangled pair, these sub-Poisson modes can be used as a quantum channel for teletransmission of light. In contrast to the standard Einstein-Podolskly-Rosen (EPR) channel, the recipient can reproduce only correlation functions of the intensity of an unknown state.
In this paper, we examined a possibility of preservation of a substantially multimode radiation in a single cell of quantum memory. As a light source we considered a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO). As was shown in several studies, SPOPO radiation has a large number of the correlated modes making it attractive for the purposes of quantum communication and computing. We showed that these correlations can be mapped on the longitudinal spin waves of the memory cell and be restored later in the readout light. The efficiencies of the writing and readout depend on the mode structure of the memory determined by a mechanism of the light-matter interaction under consideration (the nonresonance Raman interaction) and by the profile of the driving light field. We showed that like the initial light pulse train, the restored one can be represented by a set of squeezed supermodes. The mapping of the quantum multimode correlations on the material medium offers opportunities to manipulate the quantum states within the memory cell followed by the reading of the transformed state.
We study two-way covert communication schemes, where information is transmitted by passively modulating a reflected signal back to the source. We consider optical systems, described by quantum bosonic channels. While broadband classical and quantum light sources offer high covert throughput in theory, the associated mode-matching and phase-synchronization requirements make them impractical. Therefore, we employ a narrowband laser source to experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-concept two-way covert communication system, where the adversary is assumed to be quantum-capable. Furthermore, we propose a correlator-based receiver that attains the broadband gain offered by a quantum light source without the need for precise mode matching.
It is shown that two identical systems, not interacting with each other but resonantly coupled with the same intense radiation field, can be correlated. The case of a pair of two-level atoms is quantitatively investigated by calculating the probability for the emission of a photon by one of the two atoms. One finds that the presence of the other atom strongly affects the shape of the resonance curve. It is concluded that this effect, called signal transmission by means of optical correlations, if observable, could be the way for transmitting information between the atoms without resorting to any modulation of the field amplitude.