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Physical Review Letters

Opening Four-Wave Mixing and Six-Wave Mixing Channels via Dual Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Windows

Yanpeng Zhang, Andy W. Brown, Min Xiao

Published Sep 18, 2007• 340 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Highly efficient four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) processes can coexist in a four-level Y-type atomic system due to atomic coherence. The simultaneously opened dual electromagnetically induced transparency windows in this four-level atomic system allow observation of these two nonlinear optical processes at the same time, which enables detailed studies of the interplay between the FWM and SWM processes. Three-photon and five-photon destructive interferences are also observed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.99.123603

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Highly efficient four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) processes can coexist in a four-level Y-type atomic system due to atomic coherence. The simultaneously opened dual electromagnetically induced transparency windows in this four-level atomic system allow observation of these two nonlinear optical processes at the same time, which enables detailed studies of the interplay between the FWM and SWM processes. Three-photon and five-photon destructive interferences are also observed.
Using phase control between four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) channels in a four-level atomic system, we demonstrate temporal and spatial interferences between these two nonlinear optical processes. Efficient and coexisting FWM and SWM signals are produced in the same electromagnetically induced transparency window via atomic coherence. The temporal interference has a femtosecond time scale corresponding to the optical transition frequency. Such studies of intermixing between different order nonlinear optical processes with a controllable phase delay can have important applications in high-precision measurements, coherence quantum control, and quantum information processing.
We demonstrate efficient energy exchange during propagation between four-wave-mixing (FWM) and six-wave-mixing (SWM) signals generated in a four-level inverted-Y atomic system, which fall in the electromagnetically induced transparency window. After an initial growth distance for both FWM and SWM fields in the atomic medium, these two nonlinear optical processes compete and exchange energy between them, and eventually reach their respective steady-state values at long interaction distance. This energy exchange phenomenon can be explained by considering established atomic coherences among various atomic states and quantum interferences between three-photon and five-photon excitation pathways. Understanding these high-order nonlinear optical processes and interplays between them can be very important for correlated FWM (or SWM) photon-pair generations and quantum information processing.
We experimentally demonstrate that four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) processes can be selectively turned on and off in a close-cycled four-level atomic system. Under certain laser beam configuration, the FWM and SWM processes can be made to coexist with similar signal amplitudes and transmit through the same electromagnetically induced transparency window in such folded four-level atomic system. By introducing an additional pumping laser beam connecting to the fifth energy level, both FWM and SWM signals can be greatly enhanced.
The authors have considered the coexisting dressed four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) in an open four-level inverted Y configuration. The authors also report an experimental observation of optical pumping-assisted FWM and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-assisted SWM. The efficient SWM can be selected by EIT window and controlled by the coupling as well as dressed field detuning and power. Due to EIT and optical pumping assistance, the enhanced SWM signal is more than ten times lager than the coexisting FWM signal.
We experimentally investigate the interplay between two coexisting six-wave mixing (SWM) signals and the interference between coexisting four-wave mixing (FWM) and SWM signals in a five-level atomic system of 85 Rb. When two electromagnetically induced transparency windows gradually overlap in frequency, the competition between these two SWM signals arises. Moreover, we report the experimental result which shows that the temporal interference with femtosecond time scales between FWM and SWM signals.