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Metrologia

Ultimate Sensitivity of a Quantum Mechanical Detector for Measuring a Classical Force-Quantum Non-Demolition

Gerd Leuchs

Published Jan 1, 1986• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1088/0026-1394/22/3/009

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Abstract A theoretical scheme is proposed to enhance the sensitivity of force sensors with quantum non-demolition measurement (QND) in an optomechanical setup assisted by four-tone optical driving and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). With the help of special drive, the system can be simplified as the typical type of QND for force sensing, so that the backaction noise can be evaded to surpass the standard quantum limit. Besides, the added noise can be suppressed owing to the modified optical susceptibility resulting from the OPA. By introducing two oscillators coupling with two charged bodies respectively, the signal can be enhanced with the nonlinearity caused by Coulomb interaction, while the noise presents an exponential decrease. Moreover, considering the homodyne detection effect, the range of system parameters and frequency bands will be broadened. The present investigation may provide a route toward simultaneously evading backaction noise, reducing the mechanical thermal noise, and enhancing the external signal, which can be an alternative design for sensitive devices.
Abstract Quantum non-demolition measurements are designed to circumvent the limitations imposed by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle when performing repeated measurements of quantum states. Recent progress in quantum optics has enabled the experimental realization of quantum non-demolition measurements of the photon flux of a light beam. This achievement bears on fundamental issues about the ultimate sensitivity of measurements, and may open the way for applications such as noise-free information tapping in optical telecommunications.
Quantum non-demolition measurements facilitate various quantum technologies, including quantum communication. Notably, their operational structure can be replicated by a classical model--referred to as a noncontextual model--making it crucial to identify which features prevents such models from reproducing the corresponding quantum measurements. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate contextual features inherent in the structure of quantum non-demolition measurements. These features not only reveal the nonclassicality of unambiguous state discrimination, but also extend to sequential unambiguous discrimination and probabilistic quantum cloning, both of which involve post-measurement states. Moreover, our analysis extends to noisy scenarios, highlighting its potential relevance for practical implementations. We believe that our results broaden the scope of observing nonclassicality in quantum systems and ultimately contribute to the advancement of various quantum technologies.