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Physical Review A

Electromagnetic-induced transparency and amplification of electromagnetic waves in photonic band-gap materials

Yuri V. Rostovtsev, Andrey B. Matsko, Marlan O. Scully

Published Jun 1, 1998• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the propagation of an electromagnetic (EM) wave in a heterostructure formed by spatially modulated density of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level atoms. A new regime of propagation and amplification of EM waves with frequencies lying in the forbidden frequency range is found. An application of this phenomenon is discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.4919

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Generation and control of electromagnetically induced double photonic band-gaps

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Optical control of light propagation in photonic crystal based on electromagnetically induced transparency

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A kind of photonic crystal structure with modulation of the refractive index is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The combination of EIT with periodically modulated refractive index medium gives rise to high efficiency reflection as well as forbidden transmission in a three-level atomic system coupled by standing wave. We show an accurate theoretical simulation via transfer-matrix theory, automatically accounting for multilayer reflections, thus fully demonstrate the existence of photonic crystal structure in atomic vapor.

Chinese Physics B•Jun 1, 2016•11 citations
We investigate the propagation of an electromagnetic (EM) wave in a heterostructure formed by spatially modulated density of \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ three-level atoms. A new regime of propagation and amplification of EM waves with frequencies lying in the forbidden frequency range is found. An application of this phenomenon is discussed.
The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency has been studied when a four-level atom is located in a photonic band gap material. Quantum interference is introduced by driving the two upper levels of the atom with a strong pump laser field. The top level and one of the ground levels are coupled by a weak probe laser field and absorption takes place between these two states. The susceptibility due to the absorption for this transition has been calculated by using the master equation method in linear response theory. Numerical simulations are performed for the real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility for a photonic band gap material whose gap-midgap ratio is 21%. It is found that when resonance frequencies lie within the band, the medium becomes transparent under the action of the strong pump laser field. More interesting results are found when one of the resonance frequencies lies at the band edge and within the band gap. When the resonance frequency lies at the band edge, the medium becomes nontransparent even under a strong pump laser field. On the other hand, when the resonance frequency lies within the band gap, the medium becomes transparent even under a weak pump laser field. In summary, we found that the medium can be transformed from the transparent state to the nontransparent state just by changing the location of the resonance frequency. We call these two effects anomalous electromagnetically induced transparency.
When a resonance associated with electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic ensemble is modulated by an off-resonant standing light wave, a band of frequencies can appear for which light propagation is forbidden. We show that dynamic control of such a band gap can be used to coherently convert a propagating light pulse into a stationary excitation with nonvanishing photonic component. This can be accomplished with high efficiency and negligible noise even at the level of few-photon quantum fields thereby facilitating possible applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information.
We consider the possibility of wave propagation in the normally disallowed (band-gap) region of a resonant optical medium, that is, in the band of frequencies near resonance where the real part of the frequency-dependent dielectric function is negative. We demonstrate that wave propagation can become allowed by the application of a strong electromagnetic field resonant with some additional transition of the material system. The frequencies at which these effects can occur are strongly influenced by local-field effects.
By using the technique of electromagnetically induced transparency and solving density matrix equations for atoms and transfer matrix equations of fields, we study the steady optical properties of a four-level system of cold atoms driven by a traveling-wave field and a standing-wave field. It is found that a nearly perfect structure of double photonic band-gap can be generated with specific parameters. In particular, the reflectivity inside each photonic band-gap is homogeneous over 95%. It is convenient to modulate the positions and widths of both photonic band-gaps by changing intensities and frequencies of the driving fields. The double photonic band-gaps can be used to achieve all-optical routing and switching and therefore may have applications in all-optical information networks.
A kind of photonic crystal structure with modulation of the refractive index is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The combination of EIT with periodically modulated refractive index medium gives rise to high efficiency reflection as well as forbidden transmission in a three-level atomic system coupled by standing wave. We show an accurate theoretical simulation via transfer-matrix theory, automatically accounting for multilayer reflections, thus fully demonstrate the existence of photonic crystal structure in atomic vapor.