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Optics Letters

Resonantly enhanced rare-gas-halide laser frequency up-conversion in Mg vapor

R. G., Á. Costela, Colin E. Webb

Published Oct 1, 1981• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Frequency up-conversion of XeCl-laser radiation (308 nm) and KrF-laser radiation (249 nm) by two-photon resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing in Mg vapor is reported. A dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 3s-3d(1)D(2) Mg level was used. The dependences of generated signals at 127 and 115 nm on input intensity and number density were investigated. No saturation was observed up to 4 x 10(9) W/cm(2) (249 nm) and 6 x 10(8) W/cm(2) (308 nm). The 115-nm signal was phase matched by using Xe. Conversion efficiencies and signal linewidths are discussed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.6.000464

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Magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor

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An experimental and theoretical study of magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor has been carried out using two single-frequency, continuous-wave dye lasers as the sources of the fundamental radiation. In addition to the usual two-photon resonant enhancement of the three-wave-mixing nonlinear-optical process, the use of near- or on-resonant single-photon transitions for further resonant enhancement was investigated. The macroscopic phase-matching behavior of the sum-frequency mixing was examined with the intermediate states off resonance. Experimental and theoretical results are presented to illustrate the differences that occur between the coherent quadrupole emission and the incoherent cascade fluorescence when the intermediate states in the two-photon absorption are resonant. Control over the single-photon resonant enhancement and the sum-frequency-mixing phase matching was achieved to increase the power conversion efficiency to 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$.

Physical Review A•Feb 1, 1993•14 citations
Frequency up-conversion of XeCl-laser radiation (308 nm) and KrF-laser radiation (249 nm) by two-photon resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing in Mg vapor is reported. A dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 3s-3d(1)D(2) Mg level was used. The dependences of generated signals at 127 and 115 nm on input intensity and number density were investigated. No saturation was observed up to 4 x 10(9) W/cm(2) (249 nm) and 6 x 10(8) W/cm(2) (308 nm). The 115-nm signal was phase matched by using Xe. Conversion efficiencies and signal linewidths are discussed.
Frequency up-conversion of XeCl-laser radiation (308 nm) and KrF-laser radiation (249 nm) by two-photon resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing in Mg vapor is reported. A dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 3s–3d1D2 Mg level was used. The dependences of generated signals at 127 and 115 nm on input intensity and number density were investigated. No saturation was observed up to 4 × 109 W/cm2 (249 nm) and 6 × 108 W/cm2 (308 nm). The 115-nm signal was phase matched by using Xe. Conversion efficiencies and signal linewidths are discussed.
The linear and nonlinear susceptibilities for resonant third-harmonic generation in an Mg-Kr system using the 3s2-3s 3d two-photon resonance at 431 nm are presented. The Mg-Kr system is shown to be a suitable low-loss medium because of its small one-photon and two-photon absorption cross section. A detailed quantitative analysis up to a power conversion efficiency of 1.2 . 10-4was carried out. The phase-matching curves and the intensity dependence are in excellent agreement with a nonstationary modification of the theory of resonant third-harmonic generation in high density, phase-matched systems recently presented by Puell et al. [4].
Coherent radiation at several wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) has been generated by four-wave parametric oscillation in mercury vapor. When a powerful ultraviolet pump laser of frequency omega(p) is tuned to a two-photon resonance, VUV signal photons at frequency omega(s), as well as idler photons at frequency omega(i), are generated such that omega(s) + omega(i) = 2omega(p). A frequency-doubled dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s6d(1)D(2) level near 280.3 nm produced output at 184.9 and 143.5 nm. A tunable krypton fluoride excimer laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s10s (1)S(0) level near 248.7 nm produced output at 140.1, 130.7, 130.1, 125.9, and 125.0 nm. Approximately 1-microJ, 200-W pulses were observed at 143.5 and 125.9 nm.
A pulsed dye-laser beam (ωL) pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser is focused into a heat-pipe oven containing potassium vapor (nk ≈ 1016 cm−3). Two-photon resonant four-wave and six-wave mixing processes using the potassium 8s 2S1/2 state are investigated. Thirty-two coherent UV radiation lines are generated within the range of 300–400 nm through the processes ωUV = 2ωL ± ωIR and ωUV = 2ωL − ω′IR − ω″IR ± ω‴IR, where ωIR are frequencies of laser-induced IR waves generated in the vapor near the transitions 8S–7P, 7P–7S, 7P–5D, 8S–6P, 7S–6P, 5D–6P, etc. The influence of resonant enhancement on the UV line intensities and the phase-matching condition are analyzed.
An experimental and theoretical study of magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor has been carried out using two single-frequency, continuous-wave dye lasers as the sources of the fundamental radiation. In addition to the usual two-photon resonant enhancement of the three-wave-mixing nonlinear-optical process, the use of near- or on-resonant single-photon transitions for further resonant enhancement was investigated. The macroscopic phase-matching behavior of the sum-frequency mixing was examined with the intermediate states off resonance. Experimental and theoretical results are presented to illustrate the differences that occur between the coherent quadrupole emission and the incoherent cascade fluorescence when the intermediate states in the two-photon absorption are resonant. Control over the single-photon resonant enhancement and the sum-frequency-mixing phase matching was achieved to increase the power conversion efficiency to 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$.