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Applied Physics Letters

Tunable slow light in Bragg-spaced quantum wells

John P. Prineas, W. J. Johnston, Murat Yıldırım, Jimin Zhao, Arthur L. Smirl

Published Dec 11, 2006• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The group velocity of light is continuously varied in the intermediate band of a Bragg-spaced quantum well structure by tuning the pulse frequency. Delays of 0–0.4bit, without significant pulse distortion, are measured. The high group index is found to lead to large Fresnel reflection coupling losses and Fabry-Pérot fringing. Antireflection (AR) coatings deposited on both sides of the Bragg-spaced quantum well structure are shown to improve coupling of light into the intermediate band but to be sensitive to small errors (∼1%) in the AR coating layer thicknesses.

DOI
10.1063/1.2403927

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The group velocity of light is continuously varied in the intermediate band of a Bragg-spaced quantum well structure by tuning the pulse frequency. Delays of 0–0.4bit, without significant pulse distortion, are measured. The high group index is found to lead to large Fresnel reflection coupling losses and Fabry-Pérot fringing. Antireflection (AR) coatings deposited on both sides of the Bragg-spaced quantum well structure are shown to improve coupling of light into the intermediate band but to be sensitive to small errors (∼1%) in the AR coating layer thicknesses.
We proposed and experimentally demonstrated an extremely simple and feasible slow-light technique to achieve tunable optical delay by using the Er/Yb codoped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The signal light experiences strong dispersion when it is launched into the reflection edge of FBG, and the group delay value is determined by the signal wavelength and the pump power. In the experiment, a controllable delay of 0.9 ns can be obtained through changing the 980 nm pump power. The group velocity can be slowed down to 5.6x10(7) m/s, which is 19% of the speed of light in free space. It provides a very simple approach to control the light group delay, which is likely to have important implications for practical applications.
Fiber Bragg gratings designed specifically for controlling the group velocity of light have been extensively studied in recent years to explore and improve their properties. Use of slow-light fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is increasingly recognized as an important component in the optical telecommunication networks, and plays a key role in resolving a problem of buffering of optical signals. This paper analyzes the slow light mechanism in FBG theoretically, explores the influences of different parameters of FBG on the characteristics of slow light by numerical simulation, and discusses the requirements for achieving large group delays.
We present a theoretical analysis of light propagation in one-dimensional resonant photonic bandgap structures (RPBGs). The analysis is aimed at evaluating the feasibility of controlled stopping, storing, and releasing of light pulses by parametric manipulation of the RPBG's bandstructure. First we lay the conceptual foundation of light-pulse delay by means of band structure control in infinite RPBGs, and then we contrast the idealized concepts with numerical results for realistic, finite-sized RPBGs. For a physical model for RPBGs, we use semiconductor quantum-well Bragg structures, but the general analysis is valid for a wider class of RPBG. We show that the usefulness of RPBGs for optical delay lines depends critically on the number of quantum wells and the dephasing and loss mechanisms in each unit cell of the RPBG, and we also outline optimization strategies in terms of spectral light characteristics as well as quasi-antireflection coating of the RPBGs.
The influence of grating length and fringe visibility for slow light of fiber Bragg gratings were investigated by numerical simulation method,and slow light after optimizing the parameters was proposed emphatically.The results showed that the slow light delay increases with grating length and modulation depth,and change rates increases gradually.A certain bandwidth of resonance peaks on both sides of the side lobe and the peak top become extremely flattened.The slow light delay curves are red-shifted and short wave strengths increase to the opposite direction.The right side of the center frequency spectrum side band has a great vibration.By optimizing the structure parameters,the maximum group velocity can be lowed to c/98.This provides theoretical basis for designing the slow light devices based on fiber Bragg gratings.
A Bragg waveguide is analyzed from the viewpoint of obtaining slow light. It is shown that, for this system, a complete mathematical analysis of the pulse propagation with allowance for leakage is possible. Calculations are presented that show that, in a TiO 2 /SiO 2 -based Bragg waveguide, one can obtain a group index of ∼1000 with a spatial decay length of ∼3 mm for a nanosecond-scale pulse. Distortion of the pulse due to the group index dispersion proves to be acceptable, in this case, for the pulse propagation length of about 3 mm, which corresponds to the fractional pulse delay ∼10. We also analyze the propagation of the light pulse in the Bragg waveguide with a quantum well inside and show possibility of obtaining a group index of ∼10000.