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Optics Letters

Distortionless light pulse delay in quantum-well Bragg structures

Zhenshan S. Yang, N. H. Kwong, Rolf H. Binder, Arthur L. Smirl

Published Jan 1, 2005• 41 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a reflection scheme that allows Bragg-spaced semiconductor quantum wells to be used to trap, store, and release light. We study the temporal and spectral distortion of delayed light pulses and show that this geometry allows multibit delays and offers a high degree of distortion compensation.
DOI
10.1364/ol.30.002790

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Abstract We discuss a scheme for controlled stopping, storing, and releasing of light pulses in one‐dimensional resonant photonic band gap structures (RPBG's) made of Bragg spaced quantum wells. Our scheme is based on parametric manipulation of the RPBG's bandstructure in real time. We extend earlier studies on the limitations of presently existing quantum well Bragg structures to the regime of small detunings of the exciton resonance from the Bragg frequency. We also set the stage for exploring mechanisms of bandstructure control by studying the nonlinear response of the quantum well RPBG. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The group velocity of light is continuously varied in the intermediate band of a Bragg-spaced quantum well structure by tuning the pulse frequency. Delays of 0–0.4bit, without significant pulse distortion, are measured. The high group index is found to lead to large Fresnel reflection coupling losses and Fabry-Pérot fringing. Antireflection (AR) coatings deposited on both sides of the Bragg-spaced quantum well structure are shown to improve coupling of light into the intermediate band but to be sensitive to small errors (∼1%) in the AR coating layer thicknesses.
We present a theoretical analysis of light propagation in one-dimensional resonant photonic bandgap structures (RPBGs). The analysis is aimed at evaluating the feasibility of controlled stopping, storing, and releasing of light pulses by parametric manipulation of the RPBG's bandstructure. First we lay the conceptual foundation of light-pulse delay by means of band structure control in infinite RPBGs, and then we contrast the idealized concepts with numerical results for realistic, finite-sized RPBGs. For a physical model for RPBGs, we use semiconductor quantum-well Bragg structures, but the general analysis is valid for a wider class of RPBG. We show that the usefulness of RPBGs for optical delay lines depends critically on the number of quantum wells and the dephasing and loss mechanisms in each unit cell of the RPBG, and we also outline optimization strategies in terms of spectral light characteristics as well as quasi-antireflection coating of the RPBGs.
We propose and analyze a new scheme for storing and releasing optical pulses comprising an array of weakly coupled semiconductor lasers. By activating and deactivating individual lasers in the array we are able to manipulate optical pulses, trap them for long periods and release them without noticeable distortion. In addition, the proposed scheme can also regenerate and reshape distorted pulses all-optically. Additional applications such as routing, pulse synchronization and true-time-delaying are also presented and discussed.