Physical Review Letters

Structure and Modes of a Superfluid Atmosphere

Robert Alan Guyer, Wayne M. Saslow

Published Nov 7, 1983• 6 citations

Abstract

A theory of the structure, energetics, and modes of a film formed from a non-self-bound fluid is developed and applied to spin-polarized hydrogen at zero temperature. A hydrogen film is found to saturate at areal density ${{n}_{s}}^{\mathrm{sat}}=1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and to support a third-sound mode with velocity that varies strongly with areal density.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.51.1765

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Physical Review Letters

Structure and Modes of a Superfluid Atmosphere

Robert Alan Guyer, Wayne M. Saslow

Published Nov 7, 1983• 6 citations

Publisher

Abstract

{{n}_{s}}^{\mathrm{sat}}=1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}

{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}

and to support a third-sound mode with velocity that varies strongly with areal density.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.51.1765

Related papers

Third sound in layered superfluids: H↓ on He4

Robert Alan Guyer, Michael David Miller

In order to minimize the possibility of spin flips due to interactions with and on the walls of a sample cell, spin-polarized hydrogen (H\ensuremath{\downarrow}) is studied in a $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ sample cell, i.e., a sample cell which has been coated with a film of superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ . At low temperatures it is expected that the most dense H\ensuremath{\downarrow} sample will first form in the physisorbed state on the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ film. In this paper we examine in detail the hydrodynamic consequences of this layered film configuration. We derive the expression for third sound in the general case that the films are compressible and both films have undergone superfluid transitions. In this case two propagating modes will be seen which will provide an uneqivocal demonstration of a superfluid transition in the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} film. We specialize to various limiting cases: incompressible films, saturated and unsaturated films, and the normal fluid H\ensuremath{\downarrow} blanket. In our discussion we stress the point that even if the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} has not gone superfluid it will still shift the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ third-sound speed, that this shift is a direct measure of the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} film areal density, and that the magnitude of this shift is expected to be well within the precision of present-day third-sound experimental techniques. Thus third sound is expected to be a primary diagnostic tool in the study of H\ensuremath{\downarrow} films.In order to minimize the possibility of spin flips due to interactions with and on the walls of a sample cell, spin-polarized hydrogen (H\ensuremath{\downarrow}) is studied in a $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ sample cell, i.e., a sample cell which has been coated with a film of superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. At low temperatures it is expected that the most dense H\ensuremath{\downarrow} sample will first form in the physisorbed state on the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ film. In this paper we examine in detail the hydrodynamic consequences of this layered film configuration. We derive the expression for third sound in the general case that the films are compressible and both films have undergone superfluid transitions. In this case two propagating modes will be seen which will provide an uneqivocal demonstration of a superfluid transition in the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} film. We specialize to various limiting cases: incompressible films, saturated and unsaturated films, and the normal fluid H\ensuremath{\downarrow} blanket. In our discussion we stress the point that even if the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} has not gone superfluid it will still shift the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ third-sound speed, that this shift is a direct measure of the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} film areal density, and that the magnitude of this shift is expected to be well within the precision of present-day third-sound experimental techniques. Thus third sound is expected to be a primary diagnostic tool in the study of H\ensuremath{\downarrow} films.

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Tite grolllld statl' enerp;y, tlle pressure alld the sound velocity are ralculatpd frolll first-principles for a wide rauge of densities in fluid Spill-pola.riz{'d atolllic hydrog(,ll. We emplo)' Quantum ThermodyIlamir. Pertnrhtioll Theory (QTPT). wilcl'chy t1le intcrpartic1t' attractioll is the perturhittioll, with two pir-potclltials for the spin-polarizeu statc, the LC'IIIliinl.,Jones alld KolosWolniewicz forrns. EIlC'r,l!Scaiculations reported in thf' literature agrf'e with 0111'5in thc regime 01\'ery low dellsity. and for Iti~her densitie~ mil' caIc-ulatiolls are below tite ..•. ari. atiollal Ol1es, PACS: 67.65.+zj 67.40.Kh; 05.30 ..Jp 1. lntroduction During the past fiftccn years. the possihility of prodll('illg hulk eiectroll-spillpolarized atornic hydrogell at opt.illlum (oJlditions of dCllsily aud t.empcraturc in order to observe Bosf:'-EillstC'in (BE) C'OJldensatioll, has (aptllrl'd the interest of both tlwol'ists and experilflt'lltalists, who havl' t.ried to predict illld ()bSI~rVe t.he propt'rties 01' this 1Il~\VqualltullI systelIl. At very lo\\' tt'lIlp{'rature, it has bt't'll possible lo produce and 'I'resent addrt'ss: Physics !)ept., ChlJlIg YU:Hl Christ ian Ullivo'rsity, Taiwan :5'20,Hepublic of Chilla Zcro-temperalllt'e. iJ1vpertics 01 a spin-polarizcd atornic hydrogcn fluid 295 HtH. ,, Hf-Hf' ,, , , , .' \5 ' lO '> 5Tite grolllld statl' enerp;y, tlle pressure alld the sound velocity are ralculatpd frolll first-principles for a wide rauge of densities in fluid Spill-pola.riz{'d atolllic hydrog(,ll. We emplo)' Quantum ThermodyIlamir. Pertnrhtioll Theory (QTPT). wilcl'chy t1le intcrpartic1t' attractioll is the perturhittioll, with two pir-potclltials for the spin-polarizeu statc, the LC'IIIliinl.,Jones alld KolosWolniewicz forrns. EIlC'r,l!Scaiculations reported in thf' literature agrf'e with 0111'5in thc regime 01\'ery low dellsity. and for Iti~her densitie~ mil' caIc-ulatiolls are below tite ..•. ari. atiollal Ol1es, PACS: 67.65.+zj 67.40.Kh; 05.30 ..Jp 1. lntroduction During the past fiftccn years. the possihility of prodll('illg hulk eiectroll-spillpolarized atornic hydrogell at opt.illlum (oJlditions of dCllsily aud t.empcraturc in order to observe Bosf:'-EillstC'in (BE) C'OJldensatioll, has (aptllrl'd the interest of both tlwol'ists and experilflt'lltalists, who havl' t.ried to predict illld ()bSI~rVe t.he propt'rties 01' this 1Il~\VqualltullI systelIl. At very lo\\' tt'lIlp{'rature, it has bt't'll possible lo produce and 'I'resent addrt'ss: Physics !)ept., ChlJlIg YU:Hl Christ ian Ullivo'rsity, Taiwan :5'20,Hepublic of Chilla Zcro-temperalllt'e. iJ1vpertics 01 a spin-polarizcd atornic hydrogcn fluid 295 HtH. ,, Hf-Hf' ,, , , , .' \5 ' lO '> 5

Revista Mexicana de FísicaJan 1, 19900 citations

Condensation of the spin-polarized atomic hydrogen on the superfluid helium

Keshav Narain Shrivastava

Solid State CommunicationsAug 1, 19843 citations

{{n}_{s}}^{\mathrm{sat}}=1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}

{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}

and to support a third-sound mode with velocity that varies strongly with areal density.

In order to minimize the possibility of spin flips due to interactions with and on the walls of a sample cell, spin-polarized hydrogen (H\ensuremath{\downarrow}) is studied in a

^{4}\mathrm{He}

sample cell, i.e., a sample cell which has been coated with a film of superfluid

^{4}\mathrm{He}

. At low temperatures it is expected that the most dense H\ensuremath{\downarrow} sample will first form in the physisorbed state on the

^{4}\mathrm{He}

film. In this paper we examine in detail the hydrodynamic consequences of this layered film configuration. We derive the expression for third sound in the general case that the films are compressible and both films have undergone superfluid transitions. In this case two propagating modes will be seen which will provide an uneqivocal demonstration of a superfluid transition in the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} film. We specialize to various limiting cases: incompressible films, saturated and unsaturated films, and the normal fluid H\ensuremath{\downarrow} blanket. In our discussion we stress the point that even if the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} has not gone superfluid it will still shift the

^{4}\mathrm{He}

third-sound speed, that this shift is a direct measure of the H\ensuremath{\downarrow} film areal density, and that the magnitude of this shift is expected to be well within the precision of present-day third-sound experimental techniques. Thus third sound is expected to be a primary diagnostic tool in the study of H\ensuremath{\downarrow} films.