At the heart of our current information explosion is the communication network. Networks are now an intrinsic part of our daily activities, whether they are for Internet business transactions or military communications in Future Combat Systems. Protection of this communication infrastructure is a must. In this article, we discuss two approaches for securing all-optical networks. The first is an optical encryption technique that denies the information to intruders. The second is an authentication scheme capable of detecting and identifying unauthorized users.
At the heart of our current information explosion is the communication network. Networks are now an intrinsic part of our daily activities, whether they are for Internet business transactions or military communications in Future Combat Systems. Protection of this communication infrastructure is a must. In this article, we discuss two approaches for securing all-optical networks. The first is an optical encryption technique that denies the information to intruders. The second is an authentication scheme capable of detecting and identifying unauthorized users.
The increased demand of data services within the last few years has prompted a commensurate explosion in transportable bandwidth, most of which contain sensitive information, personal data, bank accounts, credit card numbers, proprietary documents, and more. As a result, there are two types of security in communications, securing user data and securing the physical network. The first is addressed with encryption algorithms, the unbreakability of which does not depends so much on the sophistication of the algorithm but on the difficulty to break it using a sequential computer; that is, it capitalizes on the inability of the attacker to use a fast supercomputer. The second is not a well addressed topic, particularly in modern fiber-optic networks. One attempt to create an unbreakable cipher-text is quantum cryptography that emanated from quantum mechanics; this method capitalizes on the no-cloning principle of particular characteristics of photons, such as polarization. In this paper, we examine the security of advanced optical networks, fiber-optic and free space optical (FSO). We describe quantum cryptography and the quantum key distribution, including the principle of teleportation, we identify vulnerabilities and we discuss detection mechanisms and countermeasure strategies against attacks on the physical network.
The secure transport of messages was the concern of many early civilizations. Since then, different methods have been developed to assure that only the sender and the addressee would be able to read a message, while it would be illegible or without significant meaning to a third party. Today, this practice continues with more fervor. Wireless, wired, and optical communication networks are able to transport unimaginable amounts of data and thus privacy of information and security of the network are of the utmost concern because a good part of the transported information may be very sensitive and/or confidential. Confidentiality of information has been particularly popularized with the explosive growth of the Internet, which has touched most people's lives. However, from the outset, the Internet was based on open network architecture with computer-based nodes and without network security, and thus was vulnerable to attackers and hackers. Wireless networks transmit in unguarded space and thus are also subject to malicious actors. Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) optical networks transport a massive aggregate traffic that has exceeded terabits per second per single fiber; therefore, the issues of information privacy and network security are equally important. As a result, the development of unbreakable cipher keys, cipher-key distribution, identification of malicious actors, source authentication, physical-link signature identification, countermeasures, and so forth has been the major thrust of research efforts with regard to cyber-security. This article focuses on cryptography, and is the first of a series of three articles on cryptography and security in communications. Subsequent articles will cover wireless and IP network security, as well as optical network security, quantum cryptography, and quantum-key distribution processes specific to optical networks.
Cryptography NetworkSecurity was a conception to secure the datatransmission and the network of the wireless networks. For the datatransmission the major feature isdata Security on independent network. In a network authorization of access of thedata was maintained by the NetworkSecurity, here the network administrator controls the entire process. The users will login by the ID, Password and some other authenticating information to access in to the network to perform their authentication. The NetworkSecurity protects different kinds of both private and public networks, computer networks and daily transactions in the business and in the communications and in government and other sectors. Public access and private access are the different varieties of Networks in the system. In this paper the cryptography NetworkSecurity by Ciphers are defined. In this cryptography algorithm is used.
The security issues we address are particularly relevant to all-optical networks, but many are also applicable to the optical portions of electro-optic networks. Optical communication, by virtue of the high rates and low BERs they offer, suffer particularly strenuously from denial of service attacks. A short attack, which might only affect a small number of bits in a slower electronic network, may affect a very large number of bits in optical communications. The very light coding and simple signaling, such as OOK, commonly used on optical transmissions renders them vulnerable to service degradations.