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Physical Review A

Quantum entanglement for secret sharing and secret splitting

Anders Karlsson, Masato Koashi, Nobuyuki Imoto

Published Jan 1, 1999• 1,020 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show how a quantum secret sharing protocol, similar to that of Hillery, Buzek, and Berthiaume (Los Alamos e-print archive quant-ph/9806063), can be implemented using two-particle quantum entanglement, as available experimentally today. We also discuss in some detail how both two- and three-particle protocols must be carefully designed in order to detect eavesdropping or a dishonest participant. We also discuss the extension of a multiparticle entanglement secret sharing and splitting scheme toward a protocol so that m of n persons with $m<~n$ can retrieve the secret.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.162

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We show how a quantum secret sharing protocol, similar to that of Hillery, Buzek, and Berthiaume (Los Alamos e-print archive quant-ph/9806063), can be implemented using two-particle quantum entanglement, as available experimentally today. We also discuss in some detail how both two- and three-particle protocols must be carefully designed in order to detect eavesdropping or a dishonest participant. We also discuss the extension of a multiparticle entanglement secret sharing and splitting scheme toward a protocol so that m of n persons with m< nm<~nm< n can retrieve the secret.
We present a new protocol for the quantum secret sharing (QSS) task among multiparties with two-particle entangled states. In our scheme, the secret is split among a number of participating partners and the reconstruction requires collaboration of all the authorized partners. Instead of multiparticle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states, only two-particle entangled states are employed in this scheme. By local operations and individual measurements on either of the two entangled particles, each authorized partner obtains a sequence of secret bits shared with other authorized partners. This protocol can be experimentally realized using only linear optical elements and simple entanglement source. It is scalable in practice.
Multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme with high efficient based on entanglement states is proposed and analyzed. A three-party which is presented shares a sequence of joint key bits. In this scheme, a general proof of the security against eavesdropping for three-party quantum secret sharing based on entanglement swapping is provided. The scheme which is showed is secure against a dishonest participant's intercept-and-resend attack and eavesdropper's entangle auxiliary-particles attack. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information again, the detection bit needs to be transmitted except those for detection, the total efficiency of the scheme approaches to 100%. The protocol can be generalized to N-party system by using N-partite entanglement states.