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Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Squeezing with for atomic physics and spectroscopy

Jens Lykke Sørensen, Jan Hald, Nils B. Jørgensen, John Erland, Eugene Simon Polzik

Published Apr 1, 1997• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Parametric downconversion in media has, so far, proved to be the most effective way of generating squeezed light. The development of frequency tunable sources of such non-classical light opens up novel possibilities in atomic physics and spectroscopy. A brief overview of the results in this area of quantum optics is given, and a new experiment aimed on subshot-noise measurement of atomic orientation is described. We report a preliminary 5 dB quantum noise reduction observed directly around the 917 nm Cs line. We introduce a figure of merit for the medium utilized for squeezed light generation in an optical parametric oscillator and evaluate some available nonlinear media from this perspective.

DOI
10.1088/1355-5111/9/2/010

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A frequency tunable source of squeezed light has been developed for application to a variety of problems in atomic physics. The basic experimental arrangement consists of a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) that is pumped by the frequency-doubled output of a titanium-sapphire laser. Squeezed light with continuous tunability of 2 GHz has been generated with a directly observed nonclassical noise reduction of 5.0 dB relative to the vacuumstate limit in a balanced homodyne detector (5.2 dB when corrected for detector noise). Although our source is potentially broadly tunable over the noncritical phase-matching bandwidth of potassium niobate, current research has concentrated on operation at 852 nm for excitation of the D2 line of atomic cesium. Relative to the usual quantum limit associated with vacuumstate fluctuations, enhanced sensitivity is demonstrated for the detection of Doppler-free resonances in FM saturation spectroscopy, with an improvement of 3.1 dB directly observed and 3.8 dB after correction for detector noise.

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•Jan 1, 2013•2 citations
Parametric downconversion in media has, so far, proved to be the most effective way of generating squeezed light. The development of frequency tunable sources of such non-classical light opens up novel possibilities in atomic physics and spectroscopy. A brief overview of the results in this area of quantum optics is given, and a new experiment aimed on subshot-noise measurement of atomic orientation is described. We report a preliminary 5 dB quantum noise reduction observed directly around the 917 nm Cs line. We introduce a figure of merit for the medium utilized for squeezed light generation in an optical parametric oscillator and evaluate some available nonlinear media from this perspective.
A frequency tunable source of squeezed light has been developed for application to a variety of problems in atomic physics. The basic experimental arrangement consists of a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) that is pumped by the frequency-doubled output of a titanium-sapphire laser. Squeezed light with continuous tunability of 2 GHz has been generated with a directly observed nonclassical noise reduction of 5.0 dB relative to the vacuumstate limit in a balanced homodyne detector (5.2 dB when corrected for detector noise). Although our source is potentially broadly tunable over the noncritical phase-matching bandwidth of potassium niobate, current research has concentrated on operation at 852 nm for excitation of the D2 line of atomic cesium. Relative to the usual quantum limit associated with vacuumstate fluctuations, enhanced sensitivity is demonstrated for the detection of Doppler-free resonances in FM saturation spectroscopy, with an improvement of 3.1 dB directly observed and 3.8 dB after correction for detector noise.
In the last few years a new field, atomic physics and spectroscopy with non-classical, squeezed light, has emerged. The frequency tunable sources of such light utilize tunable lasers and frequency doubling and/or parametric down conversion to create quantum correlations between frequency components of radiation [1–5]. The non-classical features of light result in manifestly non-classical features of spectral lines, namely in the rate of atomic processes, in the line shapes, and in the level of quantum noise in atomic spectroscopy. Moreover, the non-classical features of light can be transferred onto atoms leading to their manifestly non-classical behavior. We will briefly review some theoretical proposals and experimental results in this new area.
A frequency-tunable source of squeezed light would allow investigations of the atom-field interaction in a regime where fundamental new phenomena have been predicted.1 There are also opportunities for spectroscopy with sensitivity beyond the shot-noise limit. Toward these objectives, in our experiment we employ a single-frequency Ti-sapphire laser with tuning optimized around 852 nm (cesium resonance transition). The infrared output of the laser is frequency doubled in an external buildup cavity with a KNbO3 crystal as the nonlinear element. Efficient doubling provides 0.65 W of tunable blue output for 1.35 W of infrared input. This blue output is then used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) containing a second KNbO3 crystal for downconversion back to the infrared. The high power of the blue pump that we have achieved and the large nonlinearity of KNbO3 allows us to employ an OPO that is resonant only for the subharmonic infrared light. This design facilitates tuning of the OPO compared with the case in which the blue pump and the infrared are both resonant. The doubling cavity, OPO, and laser itself are locked relative to a stable reference cavity by an rf sideband technique, thus providing the possibility for tunability of the system with a single knob.
Abstract. We report on the generation of more than 5 dB of vacuum squeezed light at the Rubidium D1 line (795 nm) using periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) in an optical parametric oscillator. We demonstrate squeezing at low sideband frequencies, making this source of non-classical light compatible with bandwidth limited atom optics experiments. When PPKTP is operated as a parametric amplifier, we show a noise reduction of 4 dB stably locked within the 150 kHz-500 kHz frequency range. This matches the bandwidth of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in Rubidium hot vapour cells under the condition of large information delay. Squeezed light at the Rubidium D1 line 2 The control of quantum states of light is of great interest for quantum communication purposes. Many quantum information protocols rely on the possibility of coherently delaying and storing the information carried by a laser beam. This can for example be achieved using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that information can be delayed within a narrow bandwidth when light interacts with atoms in a lambda configuration [2, 3, 4, 5]. One step further is the delay of quantum information, carried by squeezed
We report on the generation of more than 5 dB of vacuum squeezed light at the Rubidium D1 line (795 nm) using periodically poled KTiOPO4_{4}4​ (PPKTP) in an optical parametric oscillator. We demonstrate squeezing at low sideband frequencies, making this source of non-classical light compatible with bandwidth limited atom optics experiments. When PPKTP is operated as a parametric amplifier, we show a noise reduction of 4 dB stably locked within the 150 kHz-500 kHz frequency range. This matches the bandwidth of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in Rubidium hot vapour cells under the condition of large information delay.
Nonclassical states of light are of increasing interest due to their applications in the emerging field of quantum information processing and communication. Squeezed light is such a state of the electromagnetic field in which the quantum noise properties are altered compared with those of coherent light. Squeezed light and squeezed vacuum states are potentially useful for quantum information protocols as well as optical measurements, where sensitivities can be limited by quantum noise. We experimentally study a source of squeezed vacuum resulting from the interaction of near-resonant light with both cold and hot Rb atoms via the nonlinear polarization self-rotation effect (PSR). We investigate the optimal conditions for noise reduction in the resulting squeezed states, reaching quadrature squeezing levels of up to 2.6 dB below shot noise, as well as observing noise reduction for a broad range of detection frequencies, from tens of kHz to several MHz. We use this source of squeezed vacuum at 795 nm to further study the noise properties of these states and how they are affected by resonant atomic interactions. This includes the use of a squeezed light probe to give a quantum enhancement to an optical magnetometer, as well as studying the propagation of squeezed vacuum in an atomic medium under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We also investigate the propagation of pulses of quantum squeezed light through a dispersive atomic medium, where we examine the possibilities for quantum noise signals traveling at subluminal and superluminal velocities. The interaction of squeezed light with resonant atomic vapors finds various potential applications in both quantum measurements and continuous variable quantum memories.