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Squeezed light for bandwidth limited atom optics experiments at the Rubidium D1 line

Gabriel Hetet, O. Glöckl, Kathryn Anne Pilypas, C. C. Harb, B. C. Buchler, Hans‐A. Bachor, Ping Koy Lam

Published Nov 20, 2006• 46 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract. We report on the generation of more than 5 dB of vacuum squeezed light at the Rubidium D1 line (795 nm) using periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) in an optical parametric oscillator. We demonstrate squeezing at low sideband frequencies, making this source of non-classical light compatible with bandwidth limited atom optics experiments. When PPKTP is operated as a parametric amplifier, we show a noise reduction of 4 dB stably locked within the 150 kHz-500 kHz frequency range. This matches the bandwidth of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in Rubidium hot vapour cells under the condition of large information delay. Squeezed light at the Rubidium D1 line 2 The control of quantum states of light is of great interest for quantum communication purposes. Many quantum information protocols rely on the possibility of coherently delaying and storing the information carried by a laser beam. This can for example be achieved using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that information can be delayed within a narrow bandwidth when light interacts with atoms in a lambda configuration [2, 3, 4, 5]. One step further is the delay of quantum information, carried by squeezed

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Squeezed states are important sources in quantum physics, which have potential applications in fields such as quantum teleportation, quantum information networks, quantum memory, and quantum metrology and precise measurements. For our interest, the squeezed vacuum will be used in the quantum-enhanced optical atomic magnetometers, filling the vacuum port of the probe beam to improve measurement sensitivity. Based on the sub-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with PPKTP crystal, the squeezed vacuum at rubidium D1 line of 795 nm is obtained. In our work, we investigate the noise sources in an OPO system. By carefully controlling the classical noise source, the squeezing band extends to the analysis frequency of 2.6 kHz. The flat squeezing trace is 2.8 dB below the shot noise limit. In our work, we focus on the difference between the squeezing results at the analysis frequency of kilohertz regime at two different wavelengths, 1064 nm and 795 nm. The difference mainly comes from the absorption of 795 nm laser and its second harmonic at 397.5 nm in crystal (397.5 nm laser is at the edge of transparent window of PPKTP crystal that has an absorption index much higher than at other wavelength). The absorption induced nonlinear loss and thermal instability greatly affect the squeezing results, which is discussed in our work. Squeezing level at 795 nm is worse than at 1064 nm due to the above-mentioned factors. Noise coupling to the detection system limits the squeezing band. In the audio frequency band, squeezing is easily submerged in roll-up noises and the measured squeezing level is limited. Two factors limit the obtained squeezing:the technical noise induced in the detection and the squeezing degradation by the noise coupling of the control beams. In experiment, we carefully control the classical noise at analytical frequency of kilohertz by means of a vacuum-injected OPO, a counter-propagating cavity locking beam with orthogonal polarization, low noise homodyne detector, stable experimental system and quantum noise locking method for squeezing phase locking. Firstly, to preclude the classical noise from coupling the laser source, we use the vacuum injected OPO. A signal beam helps optimize the parametric gain and is blocked in the squeezing measurement process. In order to maintain the OPO, a counter-propagating beam with orthogonal polarization is used for locking the cavity. Then, a low noise balanced homodyne detector with a common-mode rejection ratio of 45 dB helps improve the audio frequency detection. Finally, the quantum noise locking provides a method to lock the relative phase between the coherent beam and the squeezed vacuum field. With the combination of these technical improvements, a squeezed vacuum of 2.8 dB is obtained at the analysis frequency of 2.6-100 kHz. The obtained squeezing level is mainly limited by the relatively large loss in OPO, which is induced by ultra-violet absorption in PPKTP crystal. The generated squeezed field is used to reduce the polarization noise of probe beam in an optical magnetometer, in order to increase detection sensitivity.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2018•4 citations
Abstract. We report on the generation of more than 5 dB of vacuum squeezed light at the Rubidium D1 line (795 nm) using periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) in an optical parametric oscillator. We demonstrate squeezing at low sideband frequencies, making this source of non-classical light compatible with bandwidth limited atom optics experiments. When PPKTP is operated as a parametric amplifier, we show a noise reduction of 4 dB stably locked within the 150 kHz-500 kHz frequency range. This matches the bandwidth of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in Rubidium hot vapour cells under the condition of large information delay. Squeezed light at the Rubidium D1 line 2 The control of quantum states of light is of great interest for quantum communication purposes. Many quantum information protocols rely on the possibility of coherently delaying and storing the information carried by a laser beam. This can for example be achieved using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that information can be delayed within a narrow bandwidth when light interacts with atoms in a lambda configuration [2, 3, 4, 5]. One step further is the delay of quantum information, carried by squeezed
We report on the generation of more than 5 dB of vacuum squeezed light at the Rubidium D1 line (795 nm) using periodically poled KTiOPO4_{4}4​ (PPKTP) in an optical parametric oscillator. We demonstrate squeezing at low sideband frequencies, making this source of non-classical light compatible with bandwidth limited atom optics experiments. When PPKTP is operated as a parametric amplifier, we show a noise reduction of 4 dB stably locked within the 150 kHz-500 kHz frequency range. This matches the bandwidth of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in Rubidium hot vapour cells under the condition of large information delay.
Quantum information systems require an interface between photons as a physical system to transport information and atoms which are better suited to store and process it. In this thesis the construction of a novel pulsed, bright and narrow-band light source is presented. It consists of an optical parametric oscillator featuring a periodically poled KTP crystal and a mechanical chopper and produces ?s-pulses of squeezed vacuum. The generated states are resonant to the Rubidium-DI-transition, are almost transform-limited and show more than 3 dB of squeezing. The physical effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in hot rubidium vapor can be used to generate ultra-low group velocities and allows for a reversible adiabatic conversion of optical quantum states into collective spin excitations which can be used to stop pulses of light. I report about recent progress in slowing down a pulse of squeezed vacuum by one third of its width while still preserving 0.36 dB of squeezing in the process. I analyze electromagnetically induced transparency and light storage in an ensemble of atoms with multiple excited levels (multi-A configuration) which are coupled to one of the ground states by quantized signal fields and to the other one via classical control fields. A basis transformation of atomic and optical states which reduces the analysis of the system to that of electromagnetically induced transparency in a regular three-level configuration is presented. We demonstrate the existence of dark state polaritons and propose a protocol to transfer quantum information from one optical mode to another by adiabatic control of the control fields and present a proof-of principle experiment to adiabatically transfer light between modes of different frequencies in Rb-87 vapor. To that end a digital phase lock circuit has been designed that allows to electronically phase lock an external-cavity diode laser to a reference laser over a 7 GHz frequency range with sub-Hertz precision.
We report the generation of a continuous-wave squeezed vacuum resonant on the Rb D1 line (795 nm) using periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystals. With a frequency doubler and an optical parametric oscillator based on PPKTP crystals, we observed a squeezing level of -2.75+/-0.14 dB and an antisqueezing level of +7.00+/-0.13 dB. This system could be utilized for demonstrating storage and retrieval of the squeezed vacuum, which is important for the ultraprecise measurement of atomic spins as well as quantum information processing.
In this experiment we use periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) as the nonlinear crystal in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for the generation of squeezed light on the D1 line of rubidium which lies at 795 nm. Although OPOs have long been used as sources of squeezed light, the shorter wavelengths required for atomic interactions have always been a challenge due to a limited choice of nonlinear crystals. PPKTP is a new material that has recently been shown to be highly effective over a very wide range of optical frequencies (Akamatsu, 2006).
We report on efficient generation of second harmonic laser and single-mode vacuum squeezed light of 795 nm with periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystals. We achieved 111 mW of ultra-violet (UV) light at 397.5 nm from 191 mW of fundamental light with a PPKTP crystal in a doubling cavity, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 58.1%. Using the UV light to pump an optical parametric oscillator with a PPKTP crystal, we realized -5.6 dB of a maximum squeezing. We analyzed the pump power dependence of the squeezing level and concluded that the UV light induced losses limit the improvement of the squeezing level. The generated squeezed light has huge potential application in quantum memory and ultra-precise measurement.
Squeezed states are important sources in quantum physics, which have potential applications in fields such as quantum teleportation, quantum information networks, quantum memory, and quantum metrology and precise measurements. For our interest, the squeezed vacuum will be used in the quantum-enhanced optical atomic magnetometers, filling the vacuum port of the probe beam to improve measurement sensitivity. Based on the sub-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with PPKTP crystal, the squeezed vacuum at rubidium D1 line of 795 nm is obtained. In our work, we investigate the noise sources in an OPO system. By carefully controlling the classical noise source, the squeezing band extends to the analysis frequency of 2.6 kHz. The flat squeezing trace is 2.8 dB below the shot noise limit. In our work, we focus on the difference between the squeezing results at the analysis frequency of kilohertz regime at two different wavelengths, 1064 nm and 795 nm. The difference mainly comes from the absorption of 795 nm laser and its second harmonic at 397.5 nm in crystal (397.5 nm laser is at the edge of transparent window of PPKTP crystal that has an absorption index much higher than at other wavelength). The absorption induced nonlinear loss and thermal instability greatly affect the squeezing results, which is discussed in our work. Squeezing level at 795 nm is worse than at 1064 nm due to the above-mentioned factors. Noise coupling to the detection system limits the squeezing band. In the audio frequency band, squeezing is easily submerged in roll-up noises and the measured squeezing level is limited. Two factors limit the obtained squeezing:the technical noise induced in the detection and the squeezing degradation by the noise coupling of the control beams. In experiment, we carefully control the classical noise at analytical frequency of kilohertz by means of a vacuum-injected OPO, a counter-propagating cavity locking beam with orthogonal polarization, low noise homodyne detector, stable experimental system and quantum noise locking method for squeezing phase locking. Firstly, to preclude the classical noise from coupling the laser source, we use the vacuum injected OPO. A signal beam helps optimize the parametric gain and is blocked in the squeezing measurement process. In order to maintain the OPO, a counter-propagating beam with orthogonal polarization is used for locking the cavity. Then, a low noise balanced homodyne detector with a common-mode rejection ratio of 45 dB helps improve the audio frequency detection. Finally, the quantum noise locking provides a method to lock the relative phase between the coherent beam and the squeezed vacuum field. With the combination of these technical improvements, a squeezed vacuum of 2.8 dB is obtained at the analysis frequency of 2.6-100 kHz. The obtained squeezing level is mainly limited by the relatively large loss in OPO, which is induced by ultra-violet absorption in PPKTP crystal. The generated squeezed field is used to reduce the polarization noise of probe beam in an optical magnetometer, in order to increase detection sensitivity.