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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Stimulated emission of a microcavity dressed exciton and suppression of phonon scattering

Stanley Pau, Gunnar G. Bjork, Joseph M. Jacobson, Hui W. Cao, Y. Yamamoto

Published Mar 15, 1995• 86 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The threshold behavior of the stimulated parametric emission of dressed excitons in a microcavity is studied. The inelastic-phonon-scattering rates of the dressed exciton are calculated and are shown to be smaller than the bare quantum-well exciton values. The results describe the recently observed thresholdless photoemission behavior and predict a large stability for the dressed exciton modes inside a quantum-well microcavity.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.51.7090

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The threshold behavior of the stimulated parametric emission of dressed excitons in a microcavity is studied. The inelastic-phonon-scattering rates of the dressed exciton are calculated and are shown to be smaller than the bare quantum-well exciton values. The results describe the recently observed thresholdless photoemission behavior and predict a large stability for the dressed exciton modes inside a quantum-well microcavity.
Three-dimensional confinement of microcavity polaritons in a small post structure can be used to produce quasi-discrete polariton modes. For sufficiently small structures, the lowest confined polariton mode becomes well isolated from the other states. We consider the exciton–exciton scattering dynamics in the micropost system, and injection of moderate amount of excitons. We show that exciton–exciton scattering provides sufficient gain to produce stimulated emission of excitons into confined polaritons, well before collapse of the Rabi splitting. We also study the statistical properties of this matter laser, and beside usual Poisson statistics and linewidth reduction above threshold, we also find a linewidth increase very far above threshold, which is peculiar of this system, and shows strong similarities to properties of some proposed atomic laser systems.
After reviewing the important roles of excitons in nonlinear optical responses, we demonstrate mutual and quantum-mechanical control of radiation field and excitons on the same footing in a microcavity. First we introduce dressed excitons as bosons interacting coherently and reversibly with a radiation mode in the microcavity. Although the vacuum Rabi splitting of the dressed exciton is the same as that of dressed atom, the emission spectrum under strong pumping shows quartet structure different from the triplet of dressed atom. Secondly, the population dynamics of dressed excitons, i.e., one-dimensional polaritons in the mesoscopic system is solved and the dominant distribution on a single mode is demonstrated above the critical pumping.
We have performed real and momentum space spectroscopy of exciton polariton condensates in a GaAs-based microcavity under nonresonant excitation with an intensity-stabilized laser. An effective trapping mechanism is revealed, which is due to the stimulated scattering gain inside the finite excitation spot combined with the short lifetime. We observe several quantized modes while the lowest state shows Heisenberg-limited real and momentum space distributions. The experimental findings are qualitatively reproduced by an open dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation model.
The wavefunction of a collection of identical quantum particles of integer spin (bosons) is even under exchange of the coordinates of any two of them. This symmetrization rule of quantum mechanics leads to stimulation of the scattering rate into final states whose population is larger than one. For massless photons, it is routinely observed in the laser. For massive bosons, most previous efforts concentrated in realizing the largely populated equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate, and observing stimulated emission into it. Here we show that we do not need to produce such a condensate to observe final state stimulation. Instead, we take advantage of the highly non-equilibrium exciton reservoir and of the large polariton populations produced by external laser action on a semiconductor microcavity, and measure final state stimulation of the scattering rate of these excitons into the polaritons.
We consider a semiconductor microcavity etched into a small post structure in which the polariton modes become quantized. When moderate amounts of excitons are injected, large gain for the lowest confined polariton results from exciton-exciton scattering. We show that gain is sufficient to compensate for typical losses of GaAs structures, and stimulated emission of the confined polariton is eventually achieved at an exciton density below that where Rabi splitting collapses. We study the dependence of the threshold exciton density on post size, polariton loss rate and lattice temperature. We study the polariton statistics, and show that far above threshold, typical transition from super-Poissonian to Poissonian statistics is preserved. Exciton-exciton interaction produces a self-phase modulation, resulting in enhanced frequency noise, and into a net increase of the emission linewidth far above threshold. We show how to produce a number-squeezed state using correlation between frequency and number noise. A numerical example of a realistic structure is also analyzed in detail.