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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Spontaneous emission of rare-earth ions confined in planar multilayer dielectric microcavities

Hervé Rigneault, S. Robert, Claude Amra, Frédéric Lamarque, Serge Monneret, B. Jacquier, P. Moretti, Anne-Marie Jurdyc, Ali Belarouci

Published Oct 1, 1997• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the optical properties of planar Ta2O5/SiO2 multilayer structures implanted with rare earth ions such as erbium and praseodymium. We demonstrate that the spontaneous emission can be strongly enhanced in a direction normal to the layers if the luminescent ions are located in the spacer of a resonant Fabry-Perot type microcavity. Nevertheless, we show that a large amount of light is emitted into the guided modes of the planar stack reducing the optical confinement which is likely to be reached within this type of dielectric microcavities.

DOI
10.1117/12.290182

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We investigate theoretically and experimentally the optical properties of planar Ta2O5/SiO2 multilayer structures implanted with rare earth ions such as erbium and praseodymium. We demonstrate that the spontaneous emission can be strongly enhanced in a direction normal to the layers if the luminescent ions are located in the spacer of a resonant Fabry-Perot type microcavity. Nevertheless, we show that a large amount of light is emitted into the guided modes of the planar stack reducing the optical confinement which is likely to be reached within this type of dielectric microcavities.
Spontaneous emission control for luminescent species located inside multilayer dielectric thin films is investigated theoretically in the framework of classical and quantum electrodynamics. Theory is compared to experimental results concerning rare earth ions implanted inside Ta2O5/SiO2 microcavities. We show that although the planar cavities can control the radiation pattern of sources, these structures are unable to affect significantly the atomic lifetime. The first attempts to etch 3D microcavities are presented.
Spontaneous emission of erbium atoms implanted in various planar multidielectric stacks is investigated. Computational and experimental analyses are performed so as to assess the amount of light leaking into the radiative and the guided modes of the structures. The key point is the demonstration of the dominant emission into the guided modes, even though the atoms are implanted in the spacer of a resonant microcavity structure. The result is of practical interest since it challenges the conventional idea about the electromagnetic confinement, which is likely to be reached within planar microcavities.
A complete set of cavity modes in planar dielectric microcavities is presented which naturally includes guided modes. We show that most of these orthonormal fields can be derived from a coherent superposition of plane waves incoming on the stack from the air and from the substrate. Spontaneous emission of a dipole located inside the microcavity is analyzed, in terms of cavity modes. Derivation of the radiation pattern in the air and in the substrate is presented. The power emitted into the guided modes is also determined. Finally, a numerical analysis of the radiative properties of an erbium atom located in a Fabry-P\'erot multilayer dielectric microcavity is investigated. We show that a large amount of light is emitted into the guided modes of the structure, in spite of the Fabry-P\'erot resonance, which increases the spontaneous emission rate in a normal direction. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Spontaneous emission control around 490 nm for praseodymium ions implanted inside planar dielectric structures, such as microcavities, is investigated and compared with a theory. Using an Ar+ laser at 457.9 nm as the pump beam, we demonstrate the existence of an optimal pumping angle. Furthermore, we obtain enhanced and directive radiation patterns for the wavelength at which the cavities are tuned (490 nm) and underline very wavelength-dependent behavior of the patterns. In any case, good agreement is obtained between experiment and theory when we take the intrinsic Pr spectrum of emission into account independently of the structures’ influence.
Since the advent of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers, a renewed interest has also emerged for the spontaneous emission from Fabry-Pérot microcavities. Changes in spontaneous emission characteristics in a 1D microcavity were predicted long ago,1 but have been demonstrated only recently in the optical domain for solid-state, e.g. semiconductor, structures where changes in spectral purity, lifetime, and emission intensity were observed.2 However, the interpretation of these effects is somewhat obscure, because these structures are highly absorbing and often involve band-to-band, rather than atomic, transitions. In the present study, we use optically transparent Si/SiO2 cavities, consisting of two coplanar Si/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) around a (λ/2) SiO2 active region, which was doped with ~0.2 at.% Er3+ ions through MeV ion implantation. The Er3+ ions in SiO2 exhibit a sharp, atomic-like, intra-4f transition around λem=1.54 μm, which is effectively shielded by the outerlying filled 5s2 and 5p6 shells. Recently, we reported on the considerable enhancement of the spontaneous emission intensity out of such an Er-doped microcavity.3 In this paper, we present a more detailed study of the modified spontaneous emission, including fluorescence decay measurements to study the effect of the cavity on the spontaneous emission rate.
We study lifetime modifications induced by luminescent microcavities in the case of praseodymium-doped planar Ta2O5–SiO2 multidielectric structures. From the experimental point of view we measure different decay times of the 1D2 excited level for different wavelengths in the inhomogeneous praseodymium emission spectrum. Decay times depend on the spectral detuning between considered ions and the cavity, and we observe significant changes around the resonance wavelength of the microcavity. The decay times are explained with an electromagnetic modal analysis of spontaneous emission developed in the case of less-loss microcavities.