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IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST)

Physical-layer security based on joint scrambling with spatial and frequency resource

Mingliang Li, Kaizhi Huang, Zhong Zhou

Published Mar 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The projection of the random multi-antenna weighted vector structured with spatial scrambling is of constant modulus on the main channel, Eavesdropper can take the advantage of multi-antenna to intercept private information. To solve this problem, we design a kind of physical-layer secrecy method based on the joint scrambling with spatial and frequency resource. Based on the parallel transmission nature of OFDM, we construct a random multiple antenna weighted vector in the each subcarrier, the projection of which on the main channel is equal to a dynamic reference variable. The legitimate user can correctly demodulate the receive signal by this reference variable obtained from the estimation of the reference subcarrier. Meanwhile, because of the difference between the main channel and eavesdropper channel, eavesdropper can't obtain the useful information. The simulation results show that, when the legitimate users can correctly demodulate the received signal, the eavesdropper can't intercept the private information using whether blind equalization or MUSIC-like method.

DOI
10.1109/icist.2013.6747830

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The projection of the random multi-antenna weighted vector structured with spatial scrambling is of constant modulus on the main channel, Eavesdropper can take the advantage of multi-antenna to intercept private information. To solve this problem, we design a kind of physical-layer secrecy method based on the joint scrambling with spatial and frequency resource. Based on the parallel transmission nature of OFDM, we construct a random multiple antenna weighted vector in the each subcarrier, the projection of which on the main channel is equal to a dynamic reference variable. The legitimate user can correctly demodulate the receive signal by this reference variable obtained from the estimation of the reference subcarrier. Meanwhile, because of the difference between the main channel and eavesdropper channel, eavesdropper can't obtain the useful information. The simulation results show that, when the legitimate users can correctly demodulate the received signal, the eavesdropper can't intercept the private information using whether blind equalization or MUSIC-like method.
The physical-layer security method based on the transmitter's multi-antenna redundant isn't applicable to the SIMO-OFDM system. To solve the problem,this paper proposed a physical layer security method based on time-domain reference. The legitimate receiver constructs the random multi-antenna vector in each subcarrier,of which the projection in the main channel was equal to the varying time-domain reference variable. The transmitter secured the transmitted signal of this moment with the previous time-domain reference variable. The random variation of the reference variable disturbed the eavesdropper's received signal constellation,so that the eavesdropper couldn't intercept the secret information. Security analysis and simulation results show that the legitimate receiver's BER is 10- 4,the eavesdropper couldn't correctly demodulate the received signals when the received SNR and antenna number is respectively 10 dB and 8.
The spatial scrambling based secure wireless transmission methods, such as artificial noise and antenna array weighted randomly, can secure wireless transmission at the physical layer. They have a common physical essence, that is, the private message is transmitted in the desired direction while deliberate interference is transmitted in other orthogonal directions. Unfortunately, the interference is not white in spatial domain due to the limitation of the transmit antenna number. A eavesdropper can eliminate the directional interferences by the aid of multiple antennas. In this paper, a unified mathematical model for the above physical-layer methods is established, based on which, a MUSIC-like wiretap algorithm is proposed by exploiting the finite alphabet property of communication symbols. Simulation results show that if the eavesdropper has more antennas than that of the transmitter, the proposed algorithm can intercept information effectively.
A method of using random antenna switching (RAS) is proposed to guarantee the information security during the physical layer transmission. The method uses multiple antennas at the base station and a single antenna at the mobile terminal. The expected mobile terminal (target user) first transmits a training symbol which is used by the base station to estimate the channel. The base station then randomly selects several antennas to transmit each symbol. The weighting coefficients are obtained according to the estimated channel, which is similar to the distributed beamforming except that the magnitudes are random in this paper. Signals from all the selected antennas are finally superimposed in phase at the target user so that the maximum likelihood demodulation can be directly implemented. The RAS makes the channel for an eavesdropper change fast and randomly to prevent the eavesdropper from demodulating the signals. Simulation results show that the target user's bit error rate of RAS is lower with less transmission power than the traditional method of using random weighting coefficients, while the eavesdropper cannot correctly demodulate and hence the low probability of interception is achieved.
Addressing the problem of wireless physical layer security transmission for finite alphabet input systems,a spatial modulation secure transmission method is proposed.On the basis of information theory,the method utilizes the receive antenna indices of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system to bear information,and randomizes the eavesdropper’s equivalent channel by switching the receive antennas,which can guarantee physical layer security transmission.First,the different receiving performances of the legitimate user and eavesdropper are analyzed in the spatial modulation secure transmission system.Second,the mutual information and secrecy mutual information of the transmission system are calculated,and two sufficient conditions that ensure positive secrecy mutual information are pointed out.Finally,an estimation algorithm of mutual information is provided.Moreover,the symmetry of finite alphabet set is exploited to decrease the computational complexity.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results verify the availability of the security transmission method.
A scheme based on projection operator is proposed to guarantee the information theoretical security in MIMO physical layer transmission.The transmitter has multiple antennas and is able to simultaneously transmit separately information bearing signal to the intended receiver and randomized interference to the eavesdropper in the projection space.An iterative algorithm of power allocation between them is given according to the secret channel capacity criteria.Based on the special statistical distributions of the adversary’s received signal,the indeterminacy of its blind deconvolution is proved.Numerical results indicate that the secret channel capacity of this scheme is enhanced with reduced bit error rate at the target user,while the eavesdropper can not demodulate correctly.
In the wireless cooperative relay system, the private information can be intercepted by the untrusted relays. The traditional method of artificial noise based on physical layer security consumed much more power to protect the security of private information. To solve this problem, this paper combines amplify-and-forward coefficient of the relays with the joint channel state information (JCSI), and constructs the joint channel between the sender and the receiver. According to the joint channel characteristics the sender designs randomized weighting vector for its antenna, which is constant by multiplied with the joint channel characteristics. This method can make the equivalent channel be constant between the sender and the legitimate receiver while the equivalent channels change fast between the sender and the relays. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) of Relays is almost 0.5 constantly and the BER of receiver is 10-3simultaneously when the received SNR is 10dB. Compared with the method based on artificial noise, 1.6dB power can be saved in the proposed method.