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Physical Review A

Comment on "Proposed molecular test of local hidden-variables theories"

Emilio Santos

Published Oct 1, 1984• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Lo and Shimony have proposed a molecular test of local hidden-variables theories, which should eliminate a loophole arising in all tests dealing with photons. It is pointed out that the proposed correction for accidental coincidences invalidates the test. Conditions for the reliability of the experiment are stated.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.30.2128

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Recent experiments have reached detection efficiencies sufficient to close the detection loophole with photons. Both experiments ran multiple successive trials in fixed measurement configurations, rather than randomly re-setting the measurement configurations before each measurement trial. This opens a new potential loophole for a local hidden variable theory. The loophole invalidates one proposed method of statistical analysis of the experimental results, as demonstrated in this note. Therefore a different analysis will be necessary to definitively assert that these experiments are subject only to the locality loophole.
In a recent article Giustina et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 250401 (2015)] report on an advanced Bell experiment, simultaneously closing loopholes for local hidden-variable theories. The authors claim that 'local realism' has been refuted, unless 'truly exotic hypotheses' are made. Here I argue that a particularly wide and natural class of local hidden-variable theories survives, for instance when the hidden variables describe a background field. Such background-based theories exploit the freedom-of-choice loophole, which cannot be closed for this type of hidden variables. The dynamics of such models can be illustrated by existing systems, e.g. from fluid mechanics.