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Chinese Physics Letters

Ground State of Jaynes–Cummings Model: Comparison of Solutions with and without the Rotating-Wave Approximation

LI Xiao-hong, Kelin Wang, Tao Liu

Published Mar 31, 2009• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The eigenenergy spectrum of the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model with and without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is investigated. The numerical analysis indicates that the non-RWA spectrum can only be approximated by the RWA in the range of sufficiently small coupling constant and detuning. In other region, the counter-rotating terms remarkably change the nature of the RWA energy spectrum. A simple expression with high accuracy for ground eigenenergy and eigenvector for non-RWA is available. The ground eigenvector for non-RWA shows that the ground state is not a dark state and very different from that of RWA which is a dark state.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/26/4/044212

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The eigenenergy spectrum of the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model with and without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is investigated. The numerical analysis indicates that the non-RWA spectrum can only be approximated by the RWA in the range of sufficiently small coupling constant and detuning. In other region, the counter-rotating terms remarkably change the nature of the RWA energy spectrum. A simple expression with high accuracy for ground eigenenergy and eigenvector for non-RWA is available. The ground eigenvector for non-RWA shows that the ground state is not a dark state and very different from that of RWA which is a dark state.
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In this paper we have investigated the eigen energy spectrum of the k-photon Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). Our analysis shows that for k > 2 the k-photon JC model without the RWA does not have eigenstates in the Hilbert space spanned by the photon number states, i.e. the model becomes ill-defined. Hence, the k-photon JC model without the RWA is qualitatively different from the RWA counterpart which is valid for all values of k and the coupling parameter.
In this paper we have investigated the eigenenergy spectrum of the nonlinear k -quantum Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). Our analysis has shown that the nonlinear k -quantum JC model without the RWA does not have eigenstates in the Hilbert space spanned by the number states, i.e. the model becomes ill-defined. Hence, the nonlinear k -quantum JC model without the RWA is qualitatively different from the RWA counterpart which is valid for all values of k and the coupling parameter. In other words, the counter-rotating terms do drastically alter the nature of the system.
The Jaynes-Cummings model without the rotating-wave approximation can be solved exactly by an extended Swain ansatz with conserved parity. Analytical approximations are then performed at different levels. The well-known rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is naturally covered in the present zeroth- and first-order approximations. A first-order correction to the RWA can be obtained in a second-order approximation, by which the effect of the counter-rotating-wave term emerges clearly. Concise analytical expressions are given explicitly and can be applicable up to the ultrastrong-coupling regime. A preliminary application to vacuum Rabi splitting is shown to be very successful.
In this paper, we investigate various dynamical properties of the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model beyond the rotating wave approximation (RWA). We first show that in the absence of the RWA, the JC Hamiltonian can be transformed into an intensity-dependent Hamiltonian. Corrections produced by the counter-rotating terms (CRTs) appear in the first order as the intensity-dependent detuning, i.e. the dynamical Stark shift and in the second order as the intensity-dependent atom–field coupling. Then, by determining the atom–field wavefunction evolution, we study the effects of CRTs on various dynamical properties of the JC model, including the atomic population inversion, atomic dipole squeezing, atomic entropy squeezing, photon counting statistics, quadrature field squeezing, field entropy squeezing and quantum phase properties of the cavity field.