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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

The multiquantum Jaynes-Cummings model with the counter-rotating terms

Chi‐Fai Lo, K. L Liu, K.M. Ng

Published Apr 1, 1998• 34 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we have investigated the eigen energy spectrum of the k-photon Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). Our analysis shows that for k > 2 the k-photon JC model without the RWA does not have eigenstates in the Hilbert space spanned by the photon number states, i.e. the model becomes ill-defined. Hence, the k-photon JC model without the RWA is qualitatively different from the RWA counterpart which is valid for all values of k and the coupling parameter.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1998-00544-3

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In this paper we have investigated the eigen energy spectrum of the k-photon Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). Our analysis shows that for k > 2 the k-photon JC model without the RWA does not have eigenstates in the Hilbert space spanned by the photon number states, i.e. the model becomes ill-defined. Hence, the k-photon JC model without the RWA is qualitatively different from the RWA counterpart which is valid for all values of k and the coupling parameter.
In this paper we have investigated the eigenenergy spectrum of the nonlinear k -quantum Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). Our analysis has shown that the nonlinear k -quantum JC model without the RWA does not have eigenstates in the Hilbert space spanned by the number states, i.e. the model becomes ill-defined. Hence, the nonlinear k -quantum JC model without the RWA is qualitatively different from the RWA counterpart which is valid for all values of k and the coupling parameter. In other words, the counter-rotating terms do drastically alter the nature of the system.
We have investigated the eigenenergy spectrum of the two-photon Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model with and without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). Our analysis has indicated that the counter-rotating term dramatically changes the nature of the RWA energy spectrum and that the non-RWA spectrum can be approximated by the RWA spectrum only in the range of a sufficiently small coupling constant. Furthermore, unlike the one-photon counterpart, the two-photon JC model without the RWA is well defined only if the coupling parameter is below a certain critical value. As a result, the dynamics of the two-photon JC model without the RWA is significantly different from its RWA counterpart. For instance, the counter-rotating term can dramatically enhance the field squeezing effect. Besides, we would expect that the quantum dynamics of the two-photon JC model without the RWA is qualitatively different from that of the usual one-photon case.
The eigenenergy spectrum of the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model with and without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is investigated. The numerical analysis indicates that the non-RWA spectrum can only be approximated by the RWA in the range of sufficiently small coupling constant and detuning. In other region, the counter-rotating terms remarkably change the nature of the RWA energy spectrum. A simple expression with high accuracy for ground eigenenergy and eigenvector for non-RWA is available. The ground eigenvector for non-RWA shows that the ground state is not a dark state and very different from that of RWA which is a dark state.
We take into account the two-photon process and generalize the Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model to the case of atomic level degenerate in the projections of the angular momenta and we establish two-photon degenerate JC models with and without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) quantum theory. Comparing the atom population inversion of the generalized JC model with that of the original JC model, we found that the revival period of the degenerate JC model becomes longer and the maximum amplitude of atomic inversion decreases with RWA. Without RWA, the quantum chaos of the generalized JC model is much weaker than that of the original JC model.
In this paper, we investigate various dynamical properties of the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model beyond the rotating wave approximation (RWA). We first show that in the absence of the RWA, the JC Hamiltonian can be transformed into an intensity-dependent Hamiltonian. Corrections produced by the counter-rotating terms (CRTs) appear in the first order as the intensity-dependent detuning, i.e. the dynamical Stark shift and in the second order as the intensity-dependent atom–field coupling. Then, by determining the atom–field wavefunction evolution, we study the effects of CRTs on various dynamical properties of the JC model, including the atomic population inversion, atomic dipole squeezing, atomic entropy squeezing, photon counting statistics, quadrature field squeezing, field entropy squeezing and quantum phase properties of the cavity field.