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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Line shape measurements of rubidium 5S-7S two-photon transition

Piotr Morzyński, Piotr Wcisło, Piotr Ablewski, R. Gartman, Wojciech Gawlik, Piotr Masłowski, Bartłomiej Nagórny, Filip Ozimek, Czesław Radzewicz, Marcin Witkowski, R. Ciuryło, M. Zawada

Published Nov 24, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the use of a digital lock to measure the line profile and center frequency of rubidium 5S-7S two-photon transitions with a cw laser referenced to an optical frequency comb. The narrow, two-photon transition, 5S-7S (760 nm), insensitive to first-order in a magnetic field, is a promising candidate for frequency reference.
DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/548/1/012023

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The 5S1/2 --> 7S1/2 two-photon transition of atomic rubidium, which is 100 times weaker than the 5S-5D transition, is observed with an extended-cavity diode laser and a vapor cell. Signals with a signal-to-noise ratio of 280 are obtained with a laser power of 10 mW, and the observed linewidth is 3 MHz. The laser wavelength is 760 nm and is locked on the transitions to a stability of 2 x 10(-11). For the first time to our knowledge, the isotope shift of this transition is measured to be 130(4) MHz in atomic frequency.
Standardization of channel frequency allocation and calibration of the frequency scale at 1.55 /spl mu/m will require some frequency standards in this range. A promising avenue consists of making use of the two-photon transitions of rubidium at 778 nm to frequency-lock a 1556 nm laser. These lines have been recently measured by direct comparison to the Cs frequency standard with an uncertainty of 2 kHz. The method which we develop consists in using the second harmonic of the 1556 nm laser to injection-lock a low-cost laser diode operating at 778 nm which is then used to observe the transitions in rubidium.
We report the absolute frequency of the important 5S(1/2)-->7S(1/2) two-photon transition in (87)Rb. We access the upper state using two dipole-allowed transitions via the intermediate 5P(3/2) state. This allows us to use much lower laser intensities compared to directly driving the two-photon transition, thereby avoiding potential errors due to the AC Stark shift. Collisional shifts are also minimized because the atomic density required is several orders of magnitude smaller. Our values are consistent with earlier frequency-comb measurements.
Abstract We report an experimental investigation of the 5 S 1/2 –7 S 1/2 one-color two-photon transition in rubidium vapor with a single continuous-wave laser operating at 760 nm. By utilizing a robust intensity modulation method, high-resolution spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~120 are obtained. A perfect match between experimental results and the theoretical analysis is obtained by characterizing the probability of a two-photon transition with vapor temperature and laser power. Moreover, the influence of electric dipole selection rules on the two-photon transition is also investigated by changing the polarization of the laser beam. Since the 5 S 1/2 –7 S 1/2 two-photon transition is insensitive to stray magnetic fields and has an extremely narrow linewidth, we confidently believe that it can provide a concrete frequency standard for quantum telecommunication in the S -band window (1480–1530 nm). Meanwhile, the atomic system at 760 nm will serve as a good candidate for a quantum repeater.
A high-resolution two-photon spectrum of 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 5D 5/2 transitions in a thermal 85 Rb vapor cell is presented by using an optical frequency comb and a cw laser. The fluorescence of 6P 3/2 → 5S 1/2 spontaneous emission is detected when the cw laser frequency is scanned from the 5S 1/2 ground state to 5P 3/2 hyperfine levels and the optical frequency comb repetition rate is fixed. The hyperfine splittings (F f = 2–5) of the 5D 5/2 excited state are well resolved. The dependences of fluorescence intensities on the cw laser intensity and temperature of 85 Rb vapor cell are studied, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses.