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Applied Physics Letters

Fidelity of optical phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor glasses and ruby

Solomon M. Saltiel, B. Van Wonterghem, Dimitri A. Parthenopoulos, Tracy E. Dutton, Peter M. Rentzepis

Published May 8, 1989• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The fidelity of phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in ruby and semiconductor-doped glasses has been measured by means of our own modified Twyman–Green interferometer [Opt. Lett. 14, 183 (1989)] implementing two phase conjugate mirrors. It is shown that the fidelity of phase conjugators with an OG530 color filter as the nonlinear medium reaches a value of 99%. The fidelity of ruby is also reported. Additionally the effect of the recording system on the value of the fidelity is discussed.

DOI
10.1063/1.101253

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Optics Letters•Jun 1, 1980•14 citations
The fidelity of phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in ruby and semiconductor-doped glasses has been measured by means of our own modified Twyman–Green interferometer [Opt. Lett. 14, 183 (1989)] implementing two phase conjugate mirrors. It is shown that the fidelity of phase conjugators with an OG530 color filter as the nonlinear medium reaches a value of 99%. The fidelity of ruby is also reported. Additionally the effect of the recording system on the value of the fidelity is discussed.
Current experimental studies of degenerate four-wave mixing in saturable absorbers1,2 have shown that the dependence of the reflectivity on the pump intensity exhibits a double maxima. This phenomenon can arise from the fact that the medium approximates a set of four-level quantum systems. We have carried out a detailed analysis of the nonlinear processes of degenerate four-wave mixing in a four-level system. Because resonant saturable absorbers are being considered for systems applications, e.g., optical phase conjugation and wide FOV filters, the results presented are relevant to various optical phase conjugation devices. There are two distinct regimes which are of interest. The first case is when the intramolecular relaxation is very weak or absent. The second is when the intramolecular relaxation is strong. For the weak case the medium behaves like a set of two distinct dipole radiation sources which can generate interference effects.
The phase-conjugate field fidelity in backward-going four-wave mixing, based on the diffraction model solvable analytically, is investigated. The method assumes interaction of the non-depleted infinite plane pump waves with the spatially limited probe and signal waves inside the nonlinear medium. Solutions are obtained applying the Fourier transformation and the Green function technique under various boundary conditions for coupled wave equations. The probe and its phase-conjugate waves are defined by using a complex phase formulation including both the phase variation and amplitude modulation. It is shown that the analysed approach can involve assumptions leading to the ideal or distorted phase conjugation.
One more promising application of the four-wave mixing process is the correction of arbitrary phase aberrations in an optical beam. In such applications, the fidelity as well as the efficiency of the phase-conjugation process needs to be considered in practice. The process which has received the most extensive attention to date is degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM). The nonlinear interaction in this case is known to result in a perfect phase-conjugate provided high-quality pump beams are available and competing effects such as local self-focusing (or defocusing) can be neglected.