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Quantum Electronics

Squeezed state of light at doubled frequency in an external ring cavity

V. N. Beskrovnyi, Anatolii S Chirkin

Published Dec 31, 1995• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A physical interpretation of the formation of squeezed light at the doubled frequency is proposed. A quantum theory of second-harmonic generation in a ring cavity, with a resonance at the second harmonic, is developed. The efficiency of squeezing quantum fluctuations of the quadrature components is considered as a function of the mirror reflection coefficients and of the efficiency of conversion to the second harmonic in one cavity trip.

DOI
10.1070/qe1995v025n12abeh000564

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A physical interpretation of the formation of squeezed light at the doubled frequency is proposed. A quantum theory of second-harmonic generation in a ring cavity, with a resonance at the second harmonic, is developed. The efficiency of squeezing quantum fluctuations of the quadrature components is considered as a function of the mirror reflection coefficients and of the efficiency of conversion to the second harmonic in one cavity trip.
A quantum theory of self-convers of the lasing frequency in active nonlinear crystals placed in a cavity is developed. The generation of nonclassical (quadrature squeezed) light upon self-doubling of the laser radiation frequency is studied in detail, with no limitations on the relations between the relaxation times of the inverse population and the polarization of the medium and the lifetime of a photon in the cavity. The fluctuation spectra of the quadrature components of the fields of the laser radiation and its second harmonic are studied in dependence on the pumping parameters and the parameters of the cavity. Numerical calculations are performed for a Nd:Mg:LiNbO 3 crystal with a regular domain structure.
We have generated squeezed states of light by the process of second harmonic conversion within an optical cavity resonant at both fundamental and harmonic frequencies. The experiment consists of a standing-wave cavity containing a crystal of lithium niobate doped with magnesium oxide and driven by the field from a frequency-stabilized Nd:YAG laser (incident power, ~10 mW). The total field reflected from the cavity illuminates a pair of high quantum efficiency photodiodes, whose individual photocurrents are summed. Observations of squeezing are made by analyzing the spectral density of fluctuations for this sum photo-current while the cavity detuning is scanned through resonance. An intensity regulator holds the reflected light intensity constant during the scan by control of the incident light level. Reductions in photocurrent fluctuations of 12% relative to the vacuum-state or shot-noise level are achieved for frequency offsets near 4 MHz. Since significantly higher degrees of squeezing are predicted by our theoretical analysis, we discuss those processes that currently limit the observed noise reduction, including phase noise produced by the intracavity crystal in the absence of nonlinear conversion.
We present the analysis of a laser in which an intractivity χ (2) -nonlinear element couples the lasing mode to its second harmonic. The cavity is resonant for both modes. We investigate the potential for squeezing in this system by linearizing the quantum fluctuations around the steady states of the problem. In principle, more than 50% noise reduction below the vacuum level is possible in the second-harmonic field outside the cavity. The maximum squeezing, which is neither pure amplitude nor pure phase squeezing, occurs at a finite frequency-offset from the cavity resonance.