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Squeezed light from a monolithic cavity

Andreas Sizmann, R. J. Horowicz, G Wagner, Gerd Leuchs

Published May 21, 1990• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The most efficient sources of squeezed light have employed χ(2) processes in parametric downconversion or upconversion. In second harmonic generation both the fundamental and second harmonic modes are in an amplitude squeezed state. The upconverted mode is the squeezed state with the shortest wavelength involved in the process; therefore, frequency doubling is a promising scheme with which squeezing can be pushed toward the blue end of the spectrum. We measured the amplitude and phase noise properties of the second harmonic light generated in a frequency doubling monolithic cavity.

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The most efficient sources of squeezed light have employed χ(2) processes in parametric downconversion or upconversion. In second harmonic generation both the fundamental and second harmonic modes are in an amplitude squeezed state. The upconverted mode is the squeezed state with the shortest wavelength involved in the process; therefore, frequency doubling is a promising scheme with which squeezing can be pushed toward the blue end of the spectrum. We measured the amplitude and phase noise properties of the second harmonic light generated in a frequency doubling monolithic cavity.
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We present the analysis of a laser in which an intractivity χ (2) -nonlinear element couples the lasing mode to its second harmonic. The cavity is resonant for both modes. We investigate the potential for squeezing in this system by linearizing the quantum fluctuations around the steady states of the problem. In principle, more than 50% noise reduction below the vacuum level is possible in the second-harmonic field outside the cavity. The maximum squeezing, which is neither pure amplitude nor pure phase squeezing, occurs at a finite frequency-offset from the cavity resonance.
We have generated squeezed states of light by the process of second harmonic conversion within an optical cavity resonant at both fundamental and harmonic frequencies. The experiment consists of a standing-wave cavity containing a crystal of lithium niobate doped with magnesium oxide and driven by the field from a frequency-stabilized Nd:YAG laser (incident power, ~10 mW). The total field reflected from the cavity illuminates a pair of high quantum efficiency photodiodes, whose individual photocurrents are summed. Observations of squeezing are made by analyzing the spectral density of fluctuations for this sum photo-current while the cavity detuning is scanned through resonance. An intensity regulator holds the reflected light intensity constant during the scan by control of the incident light level. Reductions in photocurrent fluctuations of 12% relative to the vacuum-state or shot-noise level are achieved for frequency offsets near 4 MHz. Since significantly higher degrees of squeezing are predicted by our theoretical analysis, we discuss those processes that currently limit the observed noise reduction, including phase noise produced by the intracavity crystal in the absence of nonlinear conversion.