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Optical gain at 1550 nm from colloidal solution of Er^3+-Yb^3+ codoped NaYF_4 nanocubes

Xiaofeng Liu, Yingzhi Chi, Guoping Dong, E Wu, Yanbo Qiao, Heping Zeng, Jianrong Qiu

Published Mar 26, 2009• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrated optical amplification at 1550 nm with a carbon tetrachloride solution of Er(3+)-Yb(3+) codoped NaYF(4) nanocubes synthesized with solvo-thermal route. Upon excitation with a 980 nm laser diode, the nanocube solution exhibited strong near-infrared emission by the (4)I(13/2)-->(4)I(15/2) transition of Er(3+) ions due to energy transfer from Yb(3+) ions. We obtained the highest optical gain coefficient at 1550 nm of 0.58 cm(-1) for the solution with the pumping power of 200 mW. This colloidal solution might be a promising candidate as a liquid medium for optical amplifier and laser at the optical communication wavelength.

DOI
10.1364/oe.17.005885

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Siberian Journal of Physics•Jun 1, 2015•0 citations
We demonstrated optical amplification at 1550 nm with a carbon tetrachloride solution of Er(3+)-Yb(3+) codoped NaYF(4) nanocubes synthesized with solvo-thermal route. Upon excitation with a 980 nm laser diode, the nanocube solution exhibited strong near-infrared emission by the (4)I(13/2)-->(4)I(15/2) transition of Er(3+) ions due to energy transfer from Yb(3+) ions. We obtained the highest optical gain coefficient at 1550 nm of 0.58 cm(-1) for the solution with the pumping power of 200 mW. This colloidal solution might be a promising candidate as a liquid medium for optical amplifier and laser at the optical communication wavelength.
In this paper, we report the investigation of the optical bistability and hysteresis in the device based on phase conjugated mirror in colloidal solution of LaF3: Er,Yb nanocrystals. Oleic acid (OA)-modified LaF3: Er,Yb nanocrystals have been prepared by a phase transfer and separation mechanism occurring at the interfaces of the liquid, solid and solution phases present during the synthesis [1]. We chose 20% (molar ratio) Yb3+ions as codoping concentration in the preparation of the nanocrystals. The obtained nanocrystals was redistributed in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) which was used as the solvent based on following three factors: (1) it does not exhibit absorption bands in NIR region because of its low fundamental vibration energy, (2) it eliminates any residual H2O that serves as an effective quencher for NIR emission, and (3) it has a relatively high refractive index compared with other non-polar solvents and therefore minimizes loss of light due to Rayleigh scattering.
Positive optical gain around 5 cm−1 (∼21 dB/cm) has been observed in Er3+-doped Ba2NaNb5O15 single crystal using a pump and probe experimental setup. High power laser pulses at 532 nm have been used as the pump source in order to strongly populate the S43/2(H211/2) levels of the Er3+ ions due to ground state absorption. Low signal beam cw laser radiation at 850 nm has been used as the probe beam to stimulate the emission associated with the S43/2(H211/2)→I413/2 electronic transition of the Er3+ ions. The process has been modelized as a four level system, and its population has been analyzed and simulated in order to study the gain dynamics. Optical amplification of the probe signal has been observed during the first 60 μs, which represents a good agreement between the measured lifetime of the S43/2(H211/2) levels and the reported simulation.
Abstract—In this article the details of Erbium doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) in presence of Silicon nanocrystal (Si-Nc) is investigated. In this analysis Si-Nc and Er ions in matrix of fiber are assumed two and five levels respectively. For this structure rate equation for transient and steady state analysis is considered. The range of Er (+3) concentration and pump intensity at 488 nm are considered [10 17 − 10 21]1/cm 3 and [10 17 − 10 23] photon/cm 2 · sec respectively in this paper. Based on numerical simulation of this problem we observed that with increasing of concentration of the Si-Nc the fiber length for given optical gain is decreased. For example in the case of 40 dB optical gain, we calculated fiber length to be 1.1 × 10 5 cm without Si-Nc and 5 × 10 2 cm for σCCa = 1 × 10 −17 cm 2 (confined carrier absorption cross-section) and 5 cm for σCCa =1 × 10 −19 cm 2 respectively. Our simulations show that for second level with increasing pump intensity the population rise and fall times are decreased. But, for third level the population rise time is decreased and fall time is depends to level of Er ion interactions. We observed that with increasing Er ions optical net gain is increased and finally has a maximum. After this special value of Er ions because of increasing in interaction between ions the net gain finally begin to decrease. In this analysis we let to Er ions have inhomogeneous distribution. Also, we observed that in this case with increasing of the distribution peak, the net gain is increased, interaction between ions is increased, the coupling coefficient to the Si-Ncs is increased and losses due to Si-Ncs are decreased. Finally effect of Kexiton (maximum number of exciton in single Si-Nc) on amplification process is considered and we observed that in the case of Kexiton = 2 the optical gain considerably and introduced losses due to Si-Nc are increased. 28 Rostami and SalmanOgli 1.
Single-photon emitters based on individual atoms or individual atomic-like defects are highly sought-after components for future quantum technologies. A key challenge in this field is how to isolate just one such emitter; the best approaches still have an active emitter yield of only 50% so that deterministic integration of single active emitters is not yet possible. Here, we demonstrate the ability to isolate individual erbium emitters embedded in 20 nm nanocrystals of NaYF 4 using plasmonic aperture optical tweezers. The optical tweezers capture the nanocrystal, whereas the plasmonic aperture enhances the emission of the Er and allows the measurement of discrete emission rate values corresponding to different numbers of erbium ions. Three separate synthesis runs show near-Poissonian distribution in the discrete levels of emission yield that correspond to the expected ion concentrations, indicating that the yield of active emitters is approximately 80%. Fortunately, the trap allows for selecting the nanocrystals with only a single emitter, and so this gives a route to isolating and integrating single emitters in a deterministic way. This demonstration is a promising step toward single-photon quantum information technologies that utilize single ions in a solid-state medium, particularly because Er emits in the low-loss fiber-optic 1550 nm telecom band.
Optical gain coefficient of colloidal solution of spasers was measured by the variable stripe length method, where the intensity of the amplified spontaneous emission from the sample edge is measured as a function of excited volume. Spasers consist of gold core-silica (porous) shell nanoparticles penetrated with fluorescein. Under these conditions, we observed the exponential growth and narrowing of line and directivity of stimulated emission. The obtained optical gain coefficient of spaser colloids in fluorescein solution in ethanol is g = 16,2 cm–1. Separately, fluorescein solution in ethanol had g = 3,7 cm–1.