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Interaction of screening solitons in cubic optically active photorefractive crystals

Vasiliy V. Shepelevich, A A Golub, Richard M. Kowarschik, Armin Kießling, Vladislav Y. Matusevich

Published Apr 30, 2005• 2 citations

Abstract

The coherent interaction of Gaussian light beams polarised parallel to the [1 0] direction in a cubic optically active photorefractive crystal with the ( 0) cut is studied in an electric field applied to the crystal in the [00 ] direction. The effect of optical activity on the interaction of the light beams with the phase difference Δ =0, π/2, and π is theoretically studied. It is shown that, while a change in the intensity of a combined light beam at Δ =0 caused by the influence of optical activity in a 9-mm thick Bi 12 TiO 20 crystal is comparatively small (less than 8%), this change achieves 36% in the crystal of thickness 18 mm. The interaction of orthogonally polarised beams in this crystal is considered. It is found that, although the optical activity of the crystal results in the appearance of the 'breathing effect', a soliton-like nature of the combined beam is preserved. The results obtained can be used for the address positioning of soliton-like light beams.

DOI: 10.1070/qe2005v035n04abeh002863

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The coherent interaction of Gaussian light beams polarised parallel to the [1 0] direction in a cubic optically active photorefractive crystal with the ( 0) cut is studied in an electric field applied to the crystal in the [00 ] direction. The effect of optical activity on the interaction of the light beams with the phase difference Δ =0, π/2, and π is theoretically studied. It is shown that, while a change in the intensity of a combined light beam at Δ =0 caused by the influence of optical activity in a 9-mm thick Bi 12 TiO 20 crystal is comparatively small (less than 8%), this change achieves 36% in the crystal of thickness 18 mm. The interaction of orthogonally polarised beams in this crystal is considered. It is found that, although the optical activity of the crystal results in the appearance of the 'breathing effect', a soliton-like nature of the combined beam is preserved. The results obtained can be used for the address positioning of soliton-like light beams.

The propagation of a light beam in a photorefractive crystal in an alternating meander electric field is studied. A nonlinear equation is obtained for a spatial charge field formed in the crystal upon modulation of the light intensity synchronously with the applied electric field. It is established theoretically that the spatial charge field has two components, which make contributions to different mechanisms of a photoresponse providing self-focusing and the appearance of spatial solitons, as well as the trajectory self-bending. The conditions are found at which the soliton regime is realised and parameters affecting this regime in a greater extent are determined.

Stationary four-wave mixing in a shifted photorefractive transmission grating formed in cubic gyrotropic crystals of the 23 symmetry is considered in the case of low contrasts of the original optical interference pattern. Expressions for the transmission and reflection coefficients for the phase conjugation of weak light beams in arbitrarily cut samples are obtained by solving exactly the equations for the coupled waves that include the effects of the natural circular birefringence and the linear birefringence induced by the external field. The conditions for the generation of phase-conjugated waves are determined for the mixing at 633 nm in Bi 12 SiO 20 and Bi 12 SiO 20 samples in the case when the grating vector is parallel to the [110] axis and the incident pump waves propagate in the (001) crystal plane and have arbitrary polarisations.

Two-wave mixing allows one to change effectively Intensities, phases, space profiles, polarizations and time evolution of interacting beams [1,21. We will show, that two-wave mixing of partially coherent beams may be used to increase degree of coherence of these beams. The physics of the effect under discussion is as follows: two partially coherent beams write a refraction index grating in a nonlinear medium whose position and profile are practically stationary. Scattering of strong beam on this grating in the direction of the weak one means that this weak beam acquires an addition, that is coherent with the strong beam, thereby increasing degree of coherence of the beams. Similar effects were discussed in connection with scattering of different frequency components at the common running grating [3] and with Interaction of different polarization components [4,5].

A theoretical study is made of the possibility of reversal of the wavefront of a light beam in respect of the phase and polarization by degenerate four-wave interactions in photorefractive ferroelectric crystals. It is shown that the polarizations of the signal and reversed waves can be conjugate only under certain conditions which must be satisfied by the intensity, phase, and polarization of the pump beams, and also by the orientation of the optic axis of a crystal. Specific situations when these conditions are satisfied are considered in the case of photorefractive ferroelectric crystals of the 3m and 4mm symmetries.