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Physical Review A

Scheme for generation of sub-Poissonian photons: Antibunching of emission events by population-dependent spontaneous-emission lifetime in semiconductor microcavities

Masamichi Yamanishi, Yong Lee

Published Oct 1, 1993• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An alternative scheme for the generation of sub-Poissonian photons based on population-dependent spontaneous-emission lifetime in semiconductor microcavities is proposed and discussed theoretically. In the proposed scheme, the lifetime decreasing with electron population antibunches the emission events and, as a result, expands remarkably the frequency range for the suppression of spontaneous photon number fluctuation noise far beyond the inverse of the lifetime. The negative derivative of the lifetime is caused by a resultant effect of field screening due to populated electron-hole pairs and of quantum-confined Stark effect in biased quantum wells embedded in the microcavities. The proposed scheme may open up a new opportunity in extremely low-power (several photons) high-speed photonics.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.48.r2534

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An alternative scheme for the generation of sub-Poissonian photons based on population-dependent spontaneous-emission lifetime in semiconductor microcavities is proposed and discussed theoretically. In the proposed scheme, the lifetime decreasing with electron population antibunches the emission events and, as a result, expands remarkably the frequency range for the suppression of spontaneous photon number fluctuation noise far beyond the inverse of the lifetime. The negative derivative of the lifetime is caused by a resultant effect of field screening due to populated electron-hole pairs and of quantum-confined Stark effect in biased quantum wells embedded in the microcavities. The proposed scheme may open up a new opportunity in extremely low-power (several photons) high-speed photonics.
One of most important conclusions in cavity-quantum-electrodynamics is that spontaneous emission of an atom can be controlled by squeezing zero-point fluctuations of the photon fields surrounding the atom in both spatial and frequency domains1). As for quantum optoelectronic device application, in addition to quantum control of photon system, it is of great important to dynamically control electron system as well in order to alter spontaneous emissions. This can be easily realized in semiconductor systems by a combined use of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) for control of photon and electron systems, respectively. The main purpose of this talk is to demonstrate our experimental results on physical phenomena originating from quantum control of electron-and photon-systems2)3), and its implications for device-applications4) involving the possibility of a novel scheme for the generation of photon-number squeezed state5).
The quantum noise properties of atomic and semiconductor lasers are compared. The intensity fluctuation spectrum of the output field is calculated for the case of regularly, i.e., sub-Poissonian, pumped lasers. The effects of spontaneous emission on the output amplitude fluctuations may be suppressed in regularly pumped atomic lasers by requiring the lifetime of the lower lasing level to be short in comparison with that of the upper laser level. The output amplitude fluctuations then tend to zero at the laser frequency. In regularly pumped semiconductor lasers, net stimulated emission of photons dominates over spontaneous emission because of the combination of pumping and rapid intraband thermalization due to Coulomb scattering.
We discuss optical nonlinearities in biased semiconductor microcavities. Optical nonlinearities arise from field screening by spatially separated electron–hole pairs in biased quantum wells (QWs). However, in wide QWs where the spatial separation is large, biasing is accompanied by a drastic decrease of oscillator strength, and has a negative impact on the optical nonlinearity. We show here that in an exciton polariton microcavity in the strong coupling regime, a decrease in oscillator strength only weakly affects the optical nonlinearity. Gigantic enhancement of photon–photon interaction is then realized by biasing, and the single-photon blockade limit can be reached.
Impressive progress has been achieved in controlling the spontaneous emission rate for emitters in Nanophotonic structures, such as microcavities, photonic crystals and nano-antennas. In all cases, however, the modification of the emission is stationary in time. Thus, the emission rate is time-independent and the distribution of photon emission times are stochastic and follow an exponential distribution in the weak coupling regime. In this paper, by using fast all-optical switching of a microcavity, the cavity resonance is tuned within tens of picosesonds. This drastically changes the local optical density of states at the emission frequency within the emission lifetime of the emitters. This paper theoretically studied an ensemble of two-level sources with a time dependent decay rate and have derived the excited state population and emitted intensity as a function of time for continuous wave and pulsed excitation. Deterministic bursts of dramatically enhanced or inhibited emission intensity within short intervals. Thereby, we control the photon distribution to show behavior that strongly deviates from single exponential decay. This can be used to protect quantum information systems against decoherence and to realize non-Markovian dynamics in cavity quantum electrodynamics.
In this work, we theoretically analyze the few-photon emissions generated in a coupled double quantum dots (CDQDs)-single mode microcavity system, under continuous wave and pulse excitation. Compared with the uncoupled case, strong sub-Poissonian character is achieved in a CDQDs–cavity system at a certain laser frequency. Based on the proposed scheme, single photon generation can be obtained separately under QD–cavity resonant condition and off-resonant condition. For different cavity decay rates, we reveal that laser frequency detunings of minimum second-order autocorrelation function are discrete and can be divided into three regions. Moreover, the non-ideal situation where two QDs are not identical is discussed, indicating the robustness of the proposed scheme, which possesses sub-Poissonian character in a large QD difference variation range.