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Communications in Physics

Transmittance Function of Two-ports Nonlinear Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Ho Quang Quy, Nguyễn Thị Thanh Tâm, Nguyen Van Hoa

Published Nov 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this article a two-ports nonlinear fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed. The expression for output-input intensity relation and the transmittance function are derived based on principle operation of optical coupler. The expression of coupling coefficient of coupler is presented. The bell shape of the transmittance function is simulated. The results lead to investigate bistability of two-ports-nonlinear fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and to confirm bistable character of it in the future.

DOI
10.15625/0868-3166/20/4/2533

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In this article a two-ports nonlinear fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed. The expression for output-input intensity relation and the transmittance function are derived based on principle operation of optical coupler. The expression of coupling coefficient of coupler is presented. The bell shape of the transmittance function is simulated. The results lead to investigate bistability of two-ports-nonlinear fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and to confirm bistable character of it in the future.
We present a method for calculating the dynamic input–output characteristics of a nonlinear fiber ring resonator caused by a change in input intensity. It is based on an original method developed by Bischofberger and Shen [Phys. Rev. A 19, 1169 (1979)] to study a transient nonlinear Fabry–Perot resonator. We treat a double-coupler fiber ring resonator, in which two types of optical bistability (transmission bistability and reflection bistability) are available and present the illustrative numerical results for a few cavity parameters. This analysis will be useful for a future experimental verification of optical bistability in fiber ring resonators and for the design of fiber bistable devices.
We consider nonlinear Mach-Zehnder-Fano interferometer in which supports the nonlinear Fano resonances. Based on the introduced figure of merit, we demonstrate that the nonlinear Mach-Zehnder-Fano interferometer could enhance the nonlinear response up to two orders of magnitude and produce the nearly perfect dynamical bistable response compared to standard Fano resonance geometry. The enhanced resonance excitation in the nonlinear Fano defect and the step-function like linear transmission suggest that the Mach-Zehnder-Fano interferometer could be a suitable candidate involving in nonlinear manipulation of the Fano resonance. We confirm the significant enhancement of the nonlinear sensitivity both in stationary and dynamic manners. We further suggest a nonlinear photonic crystal circuit as one of the possibilities to realize our results.
A nonlinear Mach-Zehnder fiber-optic interferometer as shown in Fig. 1 can be used for light squeezing1 and amplification.2 The mechanism can be viewed either as the Kerr effect,1 or degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM).2 Using the classical DFWM approach, one finds that if fields of the same frequency with phasors E s and E p (′signal′ and ′pump′) are fed into the inputs, then one output phasor is given by where the nonlinear phase shift is given by δφnl= QL |E S E p | cosδ, Q is the fiber nonlinear coefficient, L is the fiber length, and δ is the phase difference between the inputs.
We theoretically demonstrate the transmittion spectra and dispersion characteristics based on the electromagnetically induced transparency like effect in the nested fiber double-ring resonator with the transfer matrix theory; the system which are connected by three directional couplers consists of two inner rings, one outer ring and one straight waveguide. The simulation results show that the tunable group delay can be realized by changing the coupling coefficients. In the NDRR coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer system, we obtained fast light and slow light simultaneously. By adjusting appropriate parameters, we can archive flat band group delay curve that has a profound application in optical interferometer, optical buffer, optical filter, optical modulator, dynamic or static optical sensing field.