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AIP conference proceedings

Superconducting Planar Devices for Cosmology

A. Ghribi, B. Bélier, Faouzi M. Boussaha, É. Bréelle, M. Piat, Sebastiano M. Spinelli, A. Tartari, M. Zannoni, Betty Young, Blas Cabrera, Aaron Miller

Published Jan 1, 2009• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To enhance systematics cleaness of a new advanced detection architecture for B-modes detection of the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization and in the framework of the ground based instrument QUBIC (Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology), we study planar superconducting devices. Waveguide to microstrip transition, orthomode transducer and phase switches are therefore investigated as well as their cryogenic characterization at millimeter waves. We also show design and nanotechnology fabrication process of these devices

DOI
10.1063/1.3292390

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To enhance systematics cleaness of a new advanced detection architecture for B-modes detection of the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization and in the framework of the ground based instrument QUBIC (Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology), we study planar superconducting devices. Waveguide to microstrip transition, orthomode transducer and phase switches are therefore investigated as well as their cryogenic characterization at millimeter waves. We also show design and nanotechnology fabrication process of these devices
We present our recent development of superconducting detectors for measurements of cosmic microwave background. We have fabricated antenna-coupled superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs). Two different types of STJs have been fabricated: the parallel-connected twin junction and the microstrip. Both types of STJs made of Nb and Al have successfully detected 80 GHz millimeter wave radiation with photon-assisted tunneling. We have also developed microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). The MKIDs offer us high multiplexing factors with a single readout line using the frequency-domain readout. We have developed abosrption-type and transmission-type MKIDs whose resonators are formed with either coplanar waveguides (CPW) or microstrips. The quality factor of the CPW MKID made of Nb is measured to be about 105. The microstrip MKID is being developed for the multichroic measurements.
Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) for the detection of faint astrophysical signatures, as well as for quantum computing applications and materials characterization. In this paper, procedures are presented for the fabrication and characterization of thin-film superconducting microwave resonators. The fabrication methodology allows for the realization of superconducting transmission-line resonators with features on both sides of an atomically smooth single-crystal silicon dielectric. This work describes the procedure for the installation of resonator devices into a cryogenic microwave testbed and for cool-down below the superconducting transition temperature. The set-up of the cryogenic microwave testbed allows one to do careful measurements of the complex microwave transmission of these resonator devices, enabling the extraction of the properties of the superconducting lines and dielectric substrate (e.g., internal quality factors, loss and kinetic inductance fractions), which are important for device design and performance.
Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) for the detection of faint astrophysical signatures, as well as for quantum computing applications and materials characterization. In this paper, procedures are presented for the fabrication and characterization of thin-film superconducting microwave resonators. The fabrication methodology allows for the realization of superconducting transmission-line resonators with features on both sides of an atomically smooth single-crystal silicon dielectric. This work describes the procedure for the installation of resonator devices into a cryogenic microwave testbed and for cool-down below the superconducting transition temperature. The set-up of the cryogenic microwave testbed allows one to do careful measurements of the complex microwave transmission of these resonator devices, enabling the extraction of the properties of the superconducting lines and dielectric substrate (e.g., internal quality factors, loss and kinetic inductance fractions), which are important for device design and performance.
Superconductor-based microwave and millimeter-wave components play a crucial role in various applications, particularly in superconductor-based digital receivers and superconductor-based quantum computing systems. This article aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in superconductor microwave and millimeter-wave devices implemented in a multilayer nio­bium fabrication process. These devices cover a broad frequency range, from 300 MHz to 100 GHz, and include bandpass/band-reject filters, wideband cou­plers, niobium-based microelectromechanical sys­tems switches, phase shifters, filters-based power protection circuits, phase shifter-based power limiters, tunable attenuators, and supercon­ductor-based magnet-less circulators.
Cosmic dust, cold matter and many other objects at far space have many spectral lines at the THz frequency range, leading to a rich information spectrum for astronomical observations. Ordinarily, these detected sub-mm signals from space are weak, and consequently very sensitive detectors are required to reduce the minimal time of the measurements with the desired accuracy. The main focus of this work is the design and development of superconducting high-frequency waveguide receivers at 211-275 GHz, 600-720 GHz and 780-950 GHz frequency ranges, in addition to superconducting planar integrated circuits matched with a planar Flux-Flow-Oscillator. This work is bridging the calculation methods applied for the design on one hand and the development of experimental instruments on the other.
The performance and scalability of superconducting quantum circuits depends critically on the microwave environment. Minimizing signal reflections and suppressing thermal noise are essential for achieving high-fidelity readout and preserving qubit coherence. A significant challenge arises from the use of conventional cryogenic components such as isolators and circulators, which exhibit nonideal out-of-band reflection characteristics. Reflections degrade impedance matching and limit the performance of broadband quantum limited amplifiers. Superconducting implementations of reflectionless microwave filters offer a promising solution to mitigate these issues. The focus of this work is the fabrication and cryogenic characterization of reflectionless filters compatible with superconducting qubit fabrication flows. Devices were implemented on high resistivity silicon substrates using aluminum ground planes, integrated nichrome resistors, and crossovers formed with SiO2 interlayer dielectric. Cryogenic measurements at 20 mK demonstrate high return loss, confirming the viability of these filters for co-fabrication with traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) and circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architectures. The filters exhibit low insertion loss in the passband to maintain quantum measurement efficiency and provide broadband reflection suppression across frequencies relevant to superconducting qubits, offering a scalable way to manage microwave noise in superconducting quantum processors.