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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Temperature sensitivity of a two-mode photonic crystal fiber interferometric sensor

Jian Ju, Zhi Wang, Wei Jin, Muhtesem Süleyman Demokan

Published Oct 1, 2006• 46 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The temperature sensitivity of a two-mode (TM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometric sensor was investigated theoretically and experimentally. In contrast to the conventional elliptical core TM fiber interferometric sensors, the temperature sensitivity of the PCF sensor has a nonmonotonic dependence on the operating wavelength, and was measured to be 0.083, 0.147, and 0.136 rad/degCmiddotm at 543, 975, and 1310 nm, respectively

DOI
10.1109/lpt.2006.883889

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The temperature sensitivity of a two-mode (TM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometric sensor was investigated theoretically and experimentally. In contrast to the conventional elliptical core TM fiber interferometric sensors, the temperature sensitivity of the PCF sensor has a nonmonotonic dependence on the operating wavelength, and was measured to be 0.083, 0.147, and 0.136 rad/degCmiddotm at 543, 975, and 1310 nm, respectively
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We demonstrate a distributed fiber Raman sensor for absolute temperature measurement with spatial resolution on the order of 1 cm at 1550 nm wavelength in a single-mode fiber using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Rapid measurements are shown, with less than 60 s integration period, allowing the demonstration of temperature evolution in an optical fiber recorded at over 100 resolvable, 1.2 cm spaced positions along the fiber simultaneously. This distributed sensor has potential application as a primary reference standard, in which high-accuracy, high-spatial-resolution temperature measurements can be obtained without the need for a separate temperature calibration standard.
The greater confinement of light that is possible in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) leads to greater effective nonlinearity, which promises to yield greater quantum squeezing than is possible in standard optical fiber. However, experimental work to date has not achieved improvements over standard fiber. We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of polarization squeezing in PCF in a Sagnac configuration. By including loss, a noninstantaneous Raman response, excess phase-noise, second- and third-order dispersion, and self-steepening, the simulations are able to identify the physical factors that limit current PCF squeezing experiments.
We demonstrate a high-accuracy distributed fiber-optic temperature sensor using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and single-photon counting techniques. Our demonstration uses inexpensive single-mode fiber at standard telecommunications wavelengths as the sensing fiber, which enables extremely low-loss experiments and compatibility with existing fiber networks. We show that the uncertainty of the temperature measurement decreases with longer integration periods, but is ultimately limited by the calibration uncertainty. Temperature uncertainty on the order of 3 K is possible with spatial resolution of the order of 1 cm and integration period as small as 60 seconds. Also, we show that the measurement is subject to systematic uncertainties, such as polarization fading, which can be reduced with a polarization diversity receiver.
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