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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Hanle effect in Rydberg atoms of sodium

I. I. Ryabtsev, Denis B. Tretyakov

Published May 30, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Microwave Hanle effect has been studied in sodium Rydberg atoms for the first time. Spontaneous emission of the microwave transition 37P3/2 yields 37S1/2 at 70.166 GHz was replaced by an induced transition from a pulsed microwave source. Good agreement with the theoretical calculations has been found. The widths and shapes of observed resonances were defined by the spectral widths of the pulsed microwave radiation and parameters of laser excitation of the initial 37P3/2 state. The interference occurred in the scheme of transitions similar to the Mach- Zehnder optical interferometer.

DOI
10.1117/12.468953

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Microwave Hanle effect has been studied in sodium Rydberg atoms for the first time. Spontaneous emission of the microwave transition 37P3/2 yields 37S1/2 at 70.166 GHz was replaced by an induced transition from a pulsed microwave source. Good agreement with the theoretical calculations has been found. The widths and shapes of observed resonances were defined by the spectral widths of the pulsed microwave radiation and parameters of laser excitation of the initial 37P3/2 state. The interference occurred in the scheme of transitions similar to the Mach- Zehnder optical interferometer.
A microwave analog of the interference Hanle effect has been studied in sodium Rydberg atoms. Spontaneous emission of the microwave transition ${37P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{37S}_{1/2}$ at 70.166 GHz was replaced by an induced transition from a pulsed microwave source. A dependence of population of the 37S1/2{37S}_{1/2}37S1/2​ state on the magnetic field was recorded in various conditions. Good agreement with the theoretical calculations has been found. The widths and shapes of observed resonances were defined by the spectral widths of the pulsed microwave radiation and parameters of laser excitation of the initial 37P3/2{37P}_{3/2}37P3/2​ state. The quantum beats of magnetic sublevels appeared in the signals when the polarization of exciting laser emission was orthogonal to the magnetic field, and the interference occurred in the scheme of transitions similar to the Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer.
Experimental results of studying the spectrum of the microwave 37 P -37 S transition of Rydberg sodium atoms in a weak magnetic field (≤7 G) are reported. The populations of the Rydberg states were measured using the method of selective ionization with a pulsed electric field. When the magnetic field was parallel to the ionizing electric field, a good agreement between the calculated and experimental spectral shapes was observed, making it possible to determine the unknown polarization of the microwave radiation. In the case of the orthogonal configuration of the fields, the resonance structure was suppressed in the field ionization signals due to the strong influence of the magnetic field on the electron trajectories in the detection system.
New results are presented of an experimental investigation of the spectrum of 36 P → 37 P two-photon microwave transition in Rydberg atoms of sodium in a constant electric field. Depending on the conditions of excitation of the initial 36 P state (the constant electric field is switched on either before or after the exciting laser pulse) and polarization of laser radiation, a strong variation is observed of the amplitudes of individual two-photon transitions between the fine-structure Stark components of the 36 P and 37 P states. This effect is an analog of the Paschen-Back effect in a strong magnetic field and is due to the break of L-S coupling and to the variation of the wave functions of Rydberg electrons in an electric field. It is also found that the break of L-S coupling affects considerably the shape of double Stark resonance arising upon intersection of the virtual intermediate level of two-photon transition with the real intermediate 37 S level.
An experiment on Ramsey interferometry of the 37S 1/2 → 37P 1/2 microwave transition in sodium Rydberg atoms has been performed. Interaction of Rydberg atoms with a cw microwave radiation was effectively controlled by a pulse of weak (<1 V cm −1 ) electric field, that manipulated the transition frequency near 70 050 MHz. The pulse detuned the microwave radiation from exact resonance, and induced additional phases to the wavefunctions of Rydberg states due to the quadratic Stark shifts. As a result, the Ramsey fringes were observable both on scanning the frequency of the microwave field and on scanning the strength of the electric field pulse. The experiment confirmed that this Stark-switching technique provides a fast and effective control of the atom–light interactions, and preserves the atomic coherence. Possible applications of this technique to experiments on quantum computers are discussed.