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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Confinement of atoms with nondegenerate ground states in a three-dimensional dissipative optical superlattice

I. V. Krasnov, Sergey P. Polyutov

Published Sep 1, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the developed kinetic theory of rectified radiative forces, we found sufficient conditions for purely optical (nonmagnetic) three-dimensional confinement and cooling of atoms with the J =0 → J =1 quantum transition in a weak field of mutually orthogonal bichromatic standing waves. We show that a deep stable atom localization of atoms in the cells of an effective light superlattice (with a spacing much larger than the light wavelength) can be achieved by controlling the phase shifts (time-difference phase) of the temporal oscillations in orthogonally polarized field components and by specially choosing the field parameters. The proposed scheme of purely optical confinement can be directly used for a large group of atoms like Yb isotopes and alkali-earth elements with even-even nuclei.

DOI
10.1134/1.1520619

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Based on the developed kinetic theory of rectified radiative forces, we found sufficient conditions for purely optical (nonmagnetic) three-dimensional confinement and cooling of atoms with the J =0 → J =1 quantum transition in a weak field of mutually orthogonal bichromatic standing waves. We show that a deep stable atom localization of atoms in the cells of an effective light superlattice (with a spacing much larger than the light wavelength) can be achieved by controlling the phase shifts (time-difference phase) of the temporal oscillations in orthogonally polarized field components and by specially choosing the field parameters. The proposed scheme of purely optical confinement can be directly used for a large group of atoms like Yb isotopes and alkali-earth elements with even-even nuclei.
The application of resonant light pressure in the presence of nonuniform bichromatic laser fields for the localization and control of ultracold electron-ion plasma in which the quantum transitions of ions are resonant with respect to the laser radiation is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the so-called rectified radiation forces that selectively act upon plasma ions and give rise to a dissipative optical superlattice (for ultracold plasma) whose period is significantly greater than the radiation wavelength can be used for this purpose.
A new scheme of three-dimensional (3D) all-optical (nonmagnetic) cooling and trapping of resonant atoms, based on using of so-called rectified radiation forces in non-monochromatic light fields is presented. It can be applied to the atoms with a tripod-type configuration of levels: atoms (ions) with the quantum transition F=1 \to F=0. The scheme proposed provides a long-term trapping of such atoms in deep light-induced potential wells. Moreover, the atom temperature can continuously be changed by varying field parameters in quite a large range (from super-Doppler to sub-Doppler values) without violating the localization stability.
A new three-dimensional scheme for rectifying a gradient force is proposed and analyzed. The scheme is based on the use of a strong, partially coherent optical field involving a component with a fluctuating phase. It is shown that the rectification of a gradient force acting on atoms with a nondegenerate ground state is a second-order effect with respect to field strength in this scheme, whereas an analogous effect is third-order in coherent bichromatic fields. Conditions for three-dimensional confinement of atoms are obtained by using the velocity dependence of the rectified radiative force. For a large class of atoms, such as even-even isotopes of ytterbium and alkaline-earth elements, these conditions can be implemented at a relatively high effective temperature (of the particle ensemble) of about 10 K. This finding can be used to widen substantially the range of energies of atoms amenable to effective three-dimensional optical manipulation.
Abstract We consider a novel deep three-dimensional (3D) optical superlattice (OSL) for the trapping and long-term 3D confinement of resonant impurity atoms immersed in a cold buffer gas. This OSL provides reliable isolation of the atoms from the vessel walls containing the gas mixture. Its operating principle is based on utilizing nonlinear interference phenomena within the light-induced drift effect and effective rectified forces arising from the interaction of an atom with a non-monochromatic light field. This concept was previously proposed and analyzed (for the case of a bichromatic field) in our prior work Krasnov (2024 Laser Phys. Lett. 21 095501) using a simple scalar (two-level) atom-field interaction model, which permitted the description of only two-dimensional atomic localization within an OSL. The present work generalizes these results to the case of four-level atoms with an F = 0 → F = 1 transition and a 3D configuration of multi-frequency optical fields.
We show that a three-level atom in the cascade configuration can be stably trapped and cooled in one dimension by an intense bichromatic standing wave. At the two-photon resonance, rectified dipole forces result in a deep potential well which can be used to localize the atoms in space. In the vicinity of the rectified potential minimum, the spatial dependence of the dressed state energies can lead to a velocity dependence of the force which produces damping of the atomic motion. Consideration of the heating effects of momentum diffusion indicates that cooling and stable trapping at low temperatures is possible in such a bichromatic field.
Abstract We propose and study a dissipative optical superlattice for manipulation of resonant particles (atoms, ions and similar ones) located in a transparent buffer gas. Its working principle is based on the simultaneous effect of a longitudinal rectified gradient force and a transverse thermophoretic force in the field of collinear superposition of bichromatic cosine-Gaussian laser beams. As a result, there occurs a strong periodic stratification of the gas manifested in the accumulation and sharp localization of the resonant particles at the nodes of the superlattice and their cooling. Moreover, in the case of linearly polarized light beams, there appear circulating currents of the resonant particles (the so-called Brownian vortices) in the gas. Unlike the traditional dissipative optical lattices, in the superlattice under consideration, transverse particle confinement is implemented only due to the light-induced thermophoretic force, associated with the finiteness of the effective radius of the light beams.