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Laser Physics Letters

Opto-thermophoretic superlattice for atoms

I. V. Krasnov

Published Jul 26, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose and study a dissipative optical superlattice for manipulation of resonant particles (atoms, ions and similar ones) located in a transparent buffer gas. Its working principle is based on the simultaneous effect of a longitudinal rectified gradient force and a transverse thermophoretic force in the field of collinear superposition of bichromatic cosine-Gaussian laser beams. As a result, there occurs a strong periodic stratification of the gas manifested in the accumulation and sharp localization of the resonant particles at the nodes of the superlattice and their cooling. Moreover, in the case of linearly polarized light beams, there appear circulating currents of the resonant particles (the so-called Brownian vortices) in the gas. Unlike the traditional dissipative optical lattices, in the superlattice under consideration, transverse particle confinement is implemented only due to the light-induced thermophoretic force, associated with the finiteness of the effective radius of the light beams.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ac81bc

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Abstract We consider a novel deep three-dimensional (3D) optical superlattice (OSL) for the trapping and long-term 3D confinement of resonant impurity atoms immersed in a cold buffer gas. This OSL provides reliable isolation of the atoms from the vessel walls containing the gas mixture. Its operating principle is based on utilizing nonlinear interference phenomena within the light-induced drift effect and effective rectified forces arising from the interaction of an atom with a non-monochromatic light field. This concept was previously proposed and analyzed (for the case of a bichromatic field) in our prior work Krasnov (2024 Laser Phys. Lett. 21 095501) using a simple scalar (two-level) atom-field interaction model, which permitted the description of only two-dimensional atomic localization within an OSL. The present work generalizes these results to the case of four-level atoms with an F = 0 → F = 1 transition and a 3D configuration of multi-frequency optical fields.
The application of resonant light pressure in the presence of nonuniform bichromatic laser fields for the localization and control of ultracold electron-ion plasma in which the quantum transitions of ions are resonant with respect to the laser radiation is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the so-called rectified radiation forces that selectively act upon plasma ions and give rise to a dissipative optical superlattice (for ultracold plasma) whose period is significantly greater than the radiation wavelength can be used for this purpose.
Based on the developed kinetic theory of rectified radiative forces, we found sufficient conditions for purely optical (nonmagnetic) three-dimensional confinement and cooling of atoms with the J =0 → J =1 quantum transition in a weak field of mutually orthogonal bichromatic standing waves. We show that a deep stable atom localization of atoms in the cells of an effective light superlattice (with a spacing much larger than the light wavelength) can be achieved by controlling the phase shifts (time-difference phase) of the temporal oscillations in orthogonally polarized field components and by specially choosing the field parameters. The proposed scheme of purely optical confinement can be directly used for a large group of atoms like Yb isotopes and alkali-earth elements with even-even nuclei.