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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Secure transmission over an existing public WDM lightwave network

Biwei Wu, Paul R. Prucnal, Evgenii E. Narimanov

Published Aug 23, 2006• 34 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We develop a spread-spectrum-based approach to security-enhanced transmission over an existing public wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) lightwave network. Secure transmission for a dedicated user is achieved by overlaying a covert channel onto a multichannel WDM network. The covert channel is spectrally encoded using the technique of frequency hopping and then temporally spread by a dispersive element, with the resulting average power below the noise floor in the fiber. The presence of the WDM channels provides an ad hoc security expansion and increases the difficulty for an eavesdropper to intercept and decode the secure signal

DOI
10.1109/lpt.2006.881234

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We develop a spread-spectrum-based approach to security-enhanced transmission over an existing public wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) lightwave network. Secure transmission for a dedicated user is achieved by overlaying a covert channel onto a multichannel WDM network. The covert channel is spectrally encoded using the technique of frequency hopping and then temporally spread by a dispersive element, with the resulting average power below the noise floor in the fiber. The presence of the WDM channels provides an ad hoc security expansion and increases the difficulty for an eavesdropper to intercept and decode the secure signal
An enhancement of data networks security using a hybrid WDM and SAC/Optical CDMA System is proposed. Secure transmission for dedicated users is achieved by overlaying a covert channel onto a multichannel WDM network. The covert channel is spectrally encoded using spectral amplitude coding (SAC) with unipolar Modified Double Weight (MDW) as the signature address code. OCDMA improves service availability in the presence of physical infrastructure attacks. With the use of WDM channels, the difficulty for an eavesdropper to intercept and decode the secure signal is increased. A simulation is presented as a demonstration of the concept.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) optical stealth transmission system carried by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise. The stealth signal is hidden in both time and frequency domains by using ASE noise as the signal carrier. Each WDM channel uses part of the ASE spectrum, which provides more flexibility to apply stealth transmission in a public network and adds another layer of security to the stealth channel. Multi-channel transmission also increases the overall channel capacity, which is the major limitation of the single stealth channel transmission based on ASE noise. The relations between spectral bandwidth and coherence length of ASE carrier have been theoretically analyzed and experimentally investigated.
Security enhancement of stealth channel by combining time-domain spectral phase en/decoding (SPE/D) OCDMA scheme and group velocity dispersion is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The time-domain spectral phase encoded OCDMA signal, which utilizes a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating for pulse broadening and a high-speed phase modulator for SPE, has been stealth transmitted over a public wavelengthdivision-multiplexing network. Error-free transmission (bit-error rate-9) has been achieved for both the public and stealth channel with 32-chip 40-Gchip/s gold codes.
A frequency-hopping optical stealth communication scheme based on a supercontinuum spectrum laser source is proposed and demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment. In this system, the frequency bands of the wavelength selective switch (WSS) turn off in the public channel and the WSS select in the stealth channel are consistent. Hence, the supercontinuum spectrum signal light can be embedded in the spectral gap of different wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) signals to achieve the effect of concealment. By selecting different frequency bands to access the public channel at different times based on a WSS, providing huge flexibility and additional security. Attributing to the narrower frequency band occupied by the public signal, the colossal convenience of the frequency hopping of the stealth signal carrier can be guaranteed. In order to measure the security of the proposed scheme, the physical layer security of the system using the interception probability as an index is investigated
In telecommunication networks and in computer grid networks, a significant ongoing research is in a technology known as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), which is capable to transport more than 1 Tbps aggregate traffic over a single fiber. However, when massive amounts of information are transported, as in optical networks, there are three issues that stand, cost-efficient ultra-high bandwidth delivery, security of information and data, and security of the network and of the transporting link layer. In optical networks, each fiber link consists of segments, each several kilometers long. Since a single WDM channel carries traffic, there are opportunities for sophisticated eavesdroppers to tap the fiber, copy a channel, isolate a specific payload and attempt to decrypt it if the encryption key is known or it is breakable with a fast computer. Therefore, end-to-end data security should not only rely on the client's encryption method but also on securing the transmission method on the optical link. In this paper, we present a WDM link security methodology that encrypts multiple channels and with multiple keys to render channel monitoring by eavesdroppers virtually impossible. Although our paper presents the applicability of the method on a point-to-point topology, it is applicable to a multilink and edge-to-edge network path.