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Physical Review A

Quantum-feedback-induced enhancement of continuous-variable entanglement in a self-phase-locked type-II nondegenerate optical parameter oscillator

Gao‐xiang Li, Huatang Tan, Sha‐Sha Ke

Published Jul 7, 2006• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the enhancement of the intracavity entanglement of a self-phase-locked type-II nondegenerate optical parameter oscillator (SPL NOPO) via homodyne-mediated quantum feedback. It is found that the feedback can effectively enhance the squeezing, entanglement, and purity of the two-mode field in the SPL NOPO. Especially for an ordinary NOPO, our feedback scheme can simulate a standard two-mode squeezed vacuum environment and a pure steady two-mode squeezed vacuum cavity field can be generated, different from the scheme proposed by Mancini [Phys. Rev. A 73, 010304(R) (2006)] in which only a mixed two-mode entangled state is generated.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.012304

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We investigate the enhancement of the intracavity entanglement of a self-phase-locked type-II nondegenerate optical parameter oscillator (SPL NOPO) via homodyne-mediated quantum feedback. It is found that the feedback can effectively enhance the squeezing, entanglement, and purity of the two-mode field in the SPL NOPO. Especially for an ordinary NOPO, our feedback scheme can simulate a standard two-mode squeezed vacuum environment and a pure steady two-mode squeezed vacuum cavity field can be generated, different from the scheme proposed by Mancini [Phys. Rev. A 73, 010304(R) (2006)] in which only a mixed two-mode entangled state is generated.
We explore in detail the possibility of intracavity generation of continuous-variable (CV) entangled states of light beams under mode phase-locked conditions. We show that such quantum states can be generated in a self-phase-locked nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator (NOPO) based on type II phase-matched down-conversion combined with a linear mixer of two orthogonally polarized modes of the subharmonics in a cavity. A quantum theory of this device, recently realized in the experiment, is developed for both subthreshold and above-threshold operational regimes. We show that the system providing high-level phase coherence between two generated modes, unlike the ordinary NOPO, also exhibits different types of quantum correlations between photon numbers and phases of these modes. We quantify the CV entanglement as two-mode squeezing and show that the maximal degree of the integral two-mode squeezing (which is 5050%50 relative to the level of vacuum fluctuations) is achieved at the pump field intensity close to the generation threshold of a self-phase-locked NOPO, provided that the constant of linear coupling between the two polarizations is much less than the mode detunings. The peculiarities of CV entanglement for the case of unitary, nondissipative dynamics of the system under consideration are also cleared up.
We discuss the evolution of two-mode states of a self-phase-locked type-II nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator with homodyne-mediated quantum feedback. It is shown that different strengths of the feedback loops can simulate the effect of a squeezed thermal environment and lead additionally to the process of the parametric-down conversion for each mode. In the steady state regime all initial density matrices evolve towards a Gaussian equilibrium state. It is shown that the nonsymmetric feedback can further increase entanglement of the equilibrium state. Dynamical behaviour of intracavity entanglement for a number of initial states is investigated, and entanglement sudden death and birth phenomena, and a delay birth of entanglement are reported.
We explore in detail the possibility of generation of continuous-variable (CV) entangled states of light fields with well-localized phases. We show that such quantum states, called entangled self-phase locked states, can be generated in nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator (NOPO) based on a type-II phase-matched down-conversion combined with polarization mixer in a cavity. A quantum theory of this device, recently realized in the experiment, is developed for both sub-threshold and above-threshold operational regimes. We show that the system providing relative phase coherence between two generated modes also exhibits different types of quantum correlations between photon numbers and phases of these modes. We quantify the entanglement as two-mode squeezing and show that CV entanglement is realized for both unitary, non-dissipative dynamics and for dissipative NOPO in the entire range of pump field intensities.
We investigate semiclassical dynamics and quantum properties of light beams generated in time-modulated nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator (NOPO). Having in view production of continuous-variable (CV) entangled states of light beams we propose two experimentally feasible schemes of NOPO: (i) driven by continuously modulated pump field; (ii) under action of a periodic sequence of identical laser pulses. It is shown that the time modulation of pump field amplitude essentially improves the degree of CV entanglement in NOPO. On the whole the level of integral two-mode squeezing, which characterizes the degree of CV entanglement, goes below the standard limit established in an ordinary NOPO with monochromatic pumping. We develop semiclassical and quantum theories of these devices for both below- and above-threshold regimes of generation. Properties of CV entanglement for various operational regimes of the devices are discussed in the time domain in application to time-resolved quantum information technologies. Our analytical results are in well agreement with the results of numerical simulation and support a concept of CV entangled states of time-modulated light beams.