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Physical Review Letters

Sub-Poissonian Twin Beams via Competing Nonlinearities

Monika A. M. Marte

Published Jun 12, 1995• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The interaction of doubly resonant second harmonic generation and nondegenerate down-conversion in a cavity is shown to generate light with excellent noise suppression in two symmetrical dips moving away from zero frequency with increasing pump strength. This feature emerges not only in the amplitude noise of fundamental and second harmonic, but also in the single beam and the sum intensity fluctuation spectra of the twin beams produced by down-conversion, which makes this system a potentially useful source for quantum cryptography or optical quantum correlation experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.74.4815

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The interaction of doubly resonant second harmonic generation and nondegenerate down-conversion in a cavity is shown to generate light with excellent noise suppression in two symmetrical dips moving away from zero frequency with increasing pump strength. This feature emerges not only in the amplitude noise of fundamental and second harmonic, but also in the single beam and the sum intensity fluctuation spectra of the twin beams produced by down-conversion, which makes this system a potentially useful source for quantum cryptography or optical quantum correlation experiments.
The mutual influence of second-harmonic generation and nondegenerate downconversion inside the same cavity is studied. The threshold behavior and the stability of a semiclassical solution with all four modes oscillating resonantly is investigated. It is shown that under certain conditions the self-pulsing instability that occurs in second-harmonic generation is absent in the combined system. The squeezing spectra for the quadrature-phase amplitudes in the second harmonic and the fundamental, as well as the photon statistics in the downconverted modes, are derived analytically. As one of the various nonclassical features of this system, the second harmonic is found to exhibit excellent noise suppression at very large frequencies, with the frequency component of best squeezing being tunable by the pump parameter. The intricate interaction of the two nonlinear processes can give rise to twin beams of correlated photons, with sub-Poissonian statistics in each beam. These results are contrasted with the results for each nonlinear process by itself.
The low-frequency intensity noise of high-quantum-efficiency lasers or light-emitting diodes (LED's) is dominated by the pump noise. By coupling two or more semiconductor lasers (or LED's) in series with a current source, the pump noise of the two lasers will be equal, and the intensity noise of the lasers will be highly correlated. It is shown that one may generate sub-Poissonian light by measuring the intensity fluctuations of one of the beams and feeding back (or forward) the information to regulate the other photon beam. The generation scheme is shown to have much in common with intensity-correlated twin beam generation from nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators.
The author reviews methods for generating sub-Poissonian light and related concepts. This light has energy fluctuations reduced below the level which corresponds to a classical Poissonian process (shot-noise level). After an introduction to the concept of nonclassical light, an overview is given of the main methods of quantum-noise reduction. Sub-Poissonian processes are exemplified in different areas of optics, ranging from single-atom resonance fluorescence to nonlinear optics, laser physics, and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Emphasis is placed on the conceptual foundations, and on developments in laser theory that lead to the possibility, already demonstrated experimentally, of linewidth narrowing and sub-Poissonian light generation in lasers and masers. The sources of quantum noise in these devices are analyzed, and four noise-suppression methods are discussed in detail: regularization of the pumping, suppression of spontaneous-emission noise, nonadiabatic evolution of the atomic variables, and twin-beam generation.