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Physical Review A

Use of parametric down-conversion to generate sub-Poissonian light

P. R. Tapster, John Rarity, J.S. Satchell

Published Apr 1, 1988• 81 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two highly noise-correlated light beams are generated by nondegenerate parametric down-conversion. We report the production of sub-Poissonian light in one of the beams by using negative feedback (to the pump) from the other. This nonclassical light source has a postdetection Fano factor of 0.78 over a limited frequency range near 50 Hz with an intensity of about 60 pW.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.37.2963

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Two highly noise-correlated light beams are generated by nondegenerate parametric down-conversion. We report the production of sub-Poissonian light in one of the beams by using negative feedback (to the pump) from the other. This nonclassical light source has a postdetection Fano factor of 0.78 over a limited frequency range near 50 Hz with an intensity of about 60 pW.
We analyze an intensity feedforward scheme to produce a sub-Poissonian (amplitude-squeezed) light beam from the intensity-correlated twin beams generated by a nondegenerate parametric amplifier. Photon-number measurement of the idler beam at the output of the parametric amplifier is linearly fed forward onto the output signal beam using an amplitude modulator. The minimum available Fano factor is shown to be 1/(2g-1), where g is the parametric amplifier gain, and is equal to the nonclassical intensity-noise-reduction factor of the twin beams at the output of the parametric amplifier. By changing the frequency of the input-signal beam, tunable sub-Poissonian light can be generated with this scheme for application in precision absorption spectroscopy.
In parametric downconversion the quantum effects arise because two photons are created from one pump photon. Detection of photons in one train can be used to modify the quantum statistics of the other train to produce antibunched and/or sub-poissonian light. This chapter reports on two experiments of this type. The first employs single photon detection techniques and a fast optical shutter to create antibunched and slightly sub-poissonian light. The second uses analogue detection and feedback to produce sub-poissonian light at picowatt power levels with a Fano factor of 0.78 over a limited bandwidth. Sub-poissonian light is potentially useful in finite dose transmission measurements and the high degree of temporal coincidence of the downconverted photon pairs can be exploited in absolute measurement of detector quantum efficiency. The detailed shape of the fourth order interference effect can be related to the fourier transform of the photon bandwidth determined by the phase matching uncertainty and aperture size.
The interaction of doubly resonant second harmonic generation and nondegenerate down-conversion in a cavity is shown to generate light with excellent noise suppression in two symmetrical dips moving away from zero frequency with increasing pump strength. This feature emerges not only in the amplitude noise of fundamental and second harmonic, but also in the single beam and the sum intensity fluctuation spectra of the twin beams produced by down-conversion, which makes this system a potentially useful source for quantum cryptography or optical quantum correlation experiments.
The low-frequency intensity noise of high-quantum-efficiency lasers or light-emitting diodes (LED's) is dominated by the pump noise. By coupling two or more semiconductor lasers (or LED's) in series with a current source, the pump noise of the two lasers will be equal, and the intensity noise of the lasers will be highly correlated. It is shown that one may generate sub-Poissonian light by measuring the intensity fluctuations of one of the beams and feeding back (or forward) the information to regulate the other photon beam. The generation scheme is shown to have much in common with intensity-correlated twin beam generation from nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators.
Sub-Poissonian pulses of light are generated by means of traveling-wave optical parametric deamplification. Upon direct detection the quantum noise on the deamplified pulses is measured to be below the shot-noise limit by as much as 0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 dB (11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 %). The parametric-gain dependence of the measured Fano factor---direct-detection noise as a fraction of the shot-noise limit---agrees with the quantum theory of the amplifier when diffraction effects are taken into account.