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IEEE Photonics Society Annual Meeting

Extinction ratio and gain optimization of dual-pump degenerate-idler phase sensitive amplifiers

Ning Kang, Toke Lund-Hansen, Jorge Seoane, Karsten K. Rottwitt, Christophe Peucheret

Published Oct 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Numerical optimization of dual-pump degenerate-idler phase sensitive amplifiers is performed for Al-doped and standard highly nonlinear fibers. Design considerations for operating the PSAs at an optimum combination of gain and extinction ratio are discussed.
DOI
10.1109/pho.2011.6110446

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We have experimentally achieved a gain extinction ratio (GER) of 30 dB at 21.75 dBm pump power in a dual-pump phase sensitive amplifier based on highly nonlinear fiber, which is more efficient than what we predict with the conventional three-wave model. We point out that high-order sidebands play a key role. Then we scrutinize the trajectories of the output signal vector in the complex plane with increasing nonlinear phase shift and understand the roll-over behavior of GER versus pump power curve. We found that the phase "flip" of the output signal occurs around the largest GER. Adjusting design parameters, we show how to improve GER.
Phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) can work as M - level phase quantizers when waves generated with specific phase values are allowed to mix coherently in a nonlinear medium. The quality of an M - level phase quantizer depends on the relative powers of the mixing waves and requires their optimization. If the mixing waves also experience gain in the nonlinear medium, such as in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), this optimization becomes non-trivial. In this paper, we present a general method to optimize phase quantization using a PSA made using an SOA, based on gain extinction ratio (GER), which is an experimentally measurable quantity. We present a simple theory to derive the optimal GER required to achieve an M -level quantization. We further experimentally demonstrate two- and four-level phase quantization schemes with an SOA, operated at the optimized GER, with pump power levels as low as 1 mW.
This work is devoted to the characterization of vector phase-sensitive amplifiers and processors. A detailed analysis of degenerate vector phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) is performed.The gain and phase-sensitive extinction ratio are theoretically analyzed using three-wave theory. Experiments and simulation results confirm the validity of this three-wave theory. The influence of polarization-mode dispersion is also evaluated, showing that aligning the pump polarizations at the fiber input is essential in order to achieve the theoretically predicted results. The scheme is also compared to the degenerate scalar PSA scheme. At the same pump power, the vector PSA has lower gain but also less influence from higher-order idlers and lower pump depletion due to FWM between the pumps. Using the degenerate vector PSA, phase-sensitive (PS) amplification of dual-polarization (DP) binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signals was demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first demonstration of a DP-modulated signal with large net phase-sensitive gain. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that this scheme can phase regenerate the signal. The same scheme was also used for a different purpose: quadrature decomposition into two cross-polarized waves. We demonstrated demultiplexing of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal into two cross-polarized BPSK signals by the operating the amplifier in phase-insensitive mode. The design of a novel phase-locked loop scheme enabled stable operation and negligible penalty in the decomposition.
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In optical communication systems, Phase Sensitive Amplifier (PSA) is well known for its superior noise performance in the sub-quantum limit. Therefore, PSAs are highly suitable for long haul transmission systems where amplification and regeneration is critical. In this paper, we analyze the gain performance of a single pump non-degenerate PSA operating in the quadratic gain regime. The variation of gain characteristics with pump power and fiber length has been discussed. It could be seen that for a 5km long fiber, increasing of pump power above 4W subjected to the increasing of amplifier gain while maintaining the relative phase at a stable constant value of 0.001 rad. Therefore, by fine tuning parameters like fiber nonlinearity, pump power and fiber length, a phase stabilized gain performance of the PSA could be achieved when it is operating in the quadratic gain regime.