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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Nonlinear absorption and amplification of light in Er3+-doped fluoroindate glass

Glauco S. Maciel, Nikifor Rakov, Cid Bartolomeu de Araujo, Younès Messaddeq

Published Jul 19, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonlinear absorption and amplification of a probe laser beam can be controlled by adjusting the intensity modulation frequency and wavelength of a pump laser beam. The demonstration of this effect in Er3+-doped fluoroindate glass is presented.
DOI
10.1117/12.354788

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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•Nov 1, 1997•8 citations
Nonlinear absorption and amplification of a probe laser beam can be controlled by adjustment of the intensity-modulation frequency and the wavelength of a pump laser beam. A demonstration of this effect in Er3+-doped fluoroindate glass is presented. The results show maximum amplification of the probe beam (∼12%) when a pump laser emitting 16 mW of power is modulated at ∼30 Hz. In the limit of low modulation frequencies, or cw pumping, induced absorption of the probe beam is the dominant nonlinear process.
The dependence of the negative nonlinear absorption effect at 1.5μm on the sample temperature, the modulation frequency and the sample length were investigated in glasses containing amounts higher than 20mol% Er3+. Reversed-phase waveforms were observed in the temperature range -260-600°C and at modulation frequencies from 1kHz to 10GHz in an erbium-doped phosphate glass. With increasing temperature, the amplitude of the reversed-phase waveforms decreases exponentially according to two separate steps. Optical bistability in the transmitted laser was observed in the range of incident laser intensity of 30μW/cm2-2.4mW/cm2. The transmitted laser intensity propagating through the glass decreased exponentially according to the well-known exponential law. However, the amplitude of the optical bistability increased logarithmically as the sample length was increased. The negative nonlinear absorption effect can be explained by considering an enhanced absorption model for a four-level system of the Er3+ ion.
Positive optical gain around 5 cm−1 (∼21 dB/cm) has been observed in Er3+-doped Ba2NaNb5O15 single crystal using a pump and probe experimental setup. High power laser pulses at 532 nm have been used as the pump source in order to strongly populate the S43/2(H211/2) levels of the Er3+ ions due to ground state absorption. Low signal beam cw laser radiation at 850 nm has been used as the probe beam to stimulate the emission associated with the S43/2(H211/2)→I413/2 electronic transition of the Er3+ ions. The process has been modelized as a four level system, and its population has been analyzed and simulated in order to study the gain dynamics. Optical amplification of the probe signal has been observed during the first 60 μs, which represents a good agreement between the measured lifetime of the S43/2(H211/2) levels and the reported simulation.
The Kerr nonlinearity behavior in an Er3+-doped ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF optical fiber is investigated theoretically. It is found that by increasing the intensity of the coherent coupling field and in the presence of an incoherent pumping field, the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity with reduced absorption can be achieved at long wavelength, i.e. λ = 1550 nm, which is practical for communicational applications. In addition, it is found that the rate of incoherent pump field can significantly decrease the maximal Kerr nonlinearity of the medium. The impact of frequency detuning of the coherent field on linear and nonlinear susceptibilities is discussed.
An all-optical switch which has a negative amplification of the optical signal was demonstrated in an erbium-doped fiber. The dependence of the negative nonlinear absorption effect on the modulation degree of the incident laser was investigated and we obtained the negative amplification degree of -3 for a fiber length of 6 m at room temperature. It has been confirmed that the mechanism of the effect can be explained by calculating the rate equations based on an analytical model for a five-level system of the Er3+ ion. It is suggested that the effect was due to stimulated emission from the 4 S 3/2 level to the 4 I 13/2 level.