Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Quantum Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Photon statistics of higher harmonics and subharmonics generation

J. Bajer, Tomáš Opatrný, Jan Peřina

Published Oct 1, 1994• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum statistics of higher harmonics and subharmonics generation processes is studied in an exact way. By means of the described numerical way the Q-distributions and Wigner distributions are calculated and presented. The non-classical effects are examined and corresponding relations are derived.
DOI
10.1088/0954-8998/6/5/003

Related papers

Quantum, classical and semiclassical analyses of photon statistics in harmonic generation

J. Bajer, Adam Miranowicz

In this review, we compare different descriptions of photon-number statistics in harmonic generation processes within quantum, classical and semiclassical approaches. First, we study the exact quantum evolution of the harmonic generation by applying numerical methods including those of Hamiltonian diagonalization and global characteristics. We show explicitly that the harmonic generations can indeed serve as a source of nonclassical light. Then, we demonstrate that the quasi-stationary sub-Poissonian light can be generated in these quantum processes under conditions corresponding to the so-called no-energy-transfer regime known in classical nonlinear optics. By applying method of classical trajectories, we demonstrate that the analytical predictions of the Fano factors are in good agreement with the quantum results. On comparing second and higher harmonic generations in the no-energy-transfer regime, we show that the highest noise reduction is achieved in third-harmonic generation with the Fano-factor of the third harmonic equal to 13/16.

arXiv:quant-ph/0109075•Sep 15, 2001•0 citations

Sub-Poissonian photon statistics in second-harmonic generation

Radu G. Ispasoiu, Constantin P. Cristescu, Valentin M. Feru

The quantum statistical equations for the field produced in the process of second-harmonic generation (SHG) are expressed, based on a method proposed for four-wave mixing.1 We start from the following assumptions: 1) the field absorption in the nonlinear medium may be neglected; 2) the amplitude of the fundamental field is much greater than that of the SH field; 3) the Wigner function associated with the density operator of the field depends significantly only on the variables of the SH field. The coefficients of the Fokker–Planck equation thus obtained depend on the Laplace transforms of the correlation functions of the atomic polarization operator. The moments of the Wigner function2 are related to the moments of the SH field photon number; consequently, we impose the condition for sub-Poissonian photon-statistics and derive the corresponding relationships satisfied by the atomic correlation functions. A numerical interpretation is given.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Quantum Analysis of Subharmonic Generation Via First-Order Hamiltonian

Fesseha Kassahun

We have established that the mean photon number obtained employing the conventional Hamiltonian for the twin light beams with the same frequency, produced by a subharmonic generator, is half that of the twin light beams with different frequencies. In view of this, we have found it to be quite appropriate to describe the process of subharmonic generation by the same Hamiltonian regardless of whether the twin light beams have the same or different frequencies. Applying this Hamiltonian, we have calculated the photon statistics and quadrature squeezing for the signal-signal and the signal-idler modes. Obviously, this time the mean photon number of the signal-signal modes is exactly the same as that of the signal-idler modes. In addition, we have found that the maximum global quadrature squeezing of the signal-signal or the signal-idler modes is 50$\%$ below the vacuum-state level and the maximum local quadrature squeezing of the signal-signal modes is 74.9$\%$ below the same level.

arXiv:1508.00342•Aug 3, 2015•1 citation

Semi-classical Limit of Chaos and Quantum Noise in Second Harmonic Generation

Michael Dörfle, R. Graham

Second harmonic generation and subharmonic generation in a cavity are described by the usual master equation (1) for the statistical operator of the system of two modes (fundamental and second harmonic). The master equation is equivalent to a partial differential equation for the Wigner function which is a generalized Fokker-Planck equation involving partial derivatives of the first, second and third order (2). In the semi-classical limit the third order derivatives are negligible and the Wigner distribution satisfies the Fokker-Planck equation equivalent to the Langevin equation with the formally classical Gaussian white noise ξ1, ξ2 with the only non-vanishing correlation coefficients β1, β2 are the mode amplitudes (normalized to photon numbers), g is the coupling constant, Δ1, 2 the frequency mismatch, x is the damping rate, Fp the amplitude of the pump field.

International Meeting on Instabilities and Dynamics of Lasers and Nonlinear Optical Systems•Jan 1, 1985•2 citations

Sub-Poissonian photon statistics of higher harmonics: quantum predictions via classical trajectories

J. Bajer, Adam Miranowicz

Second-harmonic generation in the no-energy-transfer regime can be a source of quasi-stationary sub-Poissonian light as was recently shown by Bajer et al ( Bajer J, Haderka O and Perina J 1999 J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 1 529 ). We generalize their results for higher-harmonic generation by applying the numerical method of Hamiltonian diagonalization and the analytical semiclassical description of classical trajectories. The quasi-stationary behaviour of the sub-Poissonian photocount noise in the no-energy-transfer regime is explained. An approximate formula for the Fano factor is derived for arbitrary harmonics. It is predicted that the deepest quasi-stationary reduction of photocount noise in the no-energy-transfer regime is achieved in the third-harmonic generation.

Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics•May 11, 2000•13 citations

Global characteristics of the dynamics of degenerate parametric nonlinear processes

Ondřej Haderka, J. Bajer, Jan Peřina

A new method for characterization of the long-time dynamics of generation of second and higher harmonics and subharmonics is presented. This method is based on calculation of the spectra of moments of photon numbers and enables us to predict the global behaviour of the process. This is demonstrated by numerical results, which are discussed and related to the time-domain dynamics and to short-time analytical results.

Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B•Dec 1, 1996•3 citations
In this review, we compare different descriptions of photon-number statistics in harmonic generation processes within quantum, classical and semiclassical approaches. First, we study the exact quantum evolution of the harmonic generation by applying numerical methods including those of Hamiltonian diagonalization and global characteristics. We show explicitly that the harmonic generations can indeed serve as a source of nonclassical light. Then, we demonstrate that the quasi-stationary sub-Poissonian light can be generated in these quantum processes under conditions corresponding to the so-called no-energy-transfer regime known in classical nonlinear optics. By applying method of classical trajectories, we demonstrate that the analytical predictions of the Fano factors are in good agreement with the quantum results. On comparing second and higher harmonic generations in the no-energy-transfer regime, we show that the highest noise reduction is achieved in third-harmonic generation with the Fano-factor of the third harmonic equal to 13/16.
The quantum statistical equations for the field produced in the process of second-harmonic generation (SHG) are expressed, based on a method proposed for four-wave mixing.1 We start from the following assumptions: 1) the field absorption in the nonlinear medium may be neglected; 2) the amplitude of the fundamental field is much greater than that of the SH field; 3) the Wigner function associated with the density operator of the field depends significantly only on the variables of the SH field. The coefficients of the Fokker–Planck equation thus obtained depend on the Laplace transforms of the correlation functions of the atomic polarization operator. The moments of the Wigner function2 are related to the moments of the SH field photon number; consequently, we impose the condition for sub-Poissonian photon-statistics and derive the corresponding relationships satisfied by the atomic correlation functions. A numerical interpretation is given.
We have established that the mean photon number obtained employing the conventional Hamiltonian for the twin light beams with the same frequency, produced by a subharmonic generator, is half that of the twin light beams with different frequencies. In view of this, we have found it to be quite appropriate to describe the process of subharmonic generation by the same Hamiltonian regardless of whether the twin light beams have the same or different frequencies. Applying this Hamiltonian, we have calculated the photon statistics and quadrature squeezing for the signal-signal and the signal-idler modes. Obviously, this time the mean photon number of the signal-signal modes is exactly the same as that of the signal-idler modes. In addition, we have found that the maximum global quadrature squeezing of the signal-signal or the signal-idler modes is 50%\%% below the vacuum-state level and the maximum local quadrature squeezing of the signal-signal modes is 74.9%\%% below the same level.
Second harmonic generation and subharmonic generation in a cavity are described by the usual master equation (1) for the statistical operator of the system of two modes (fundamental and second harmonic). The master equation is equivalent to a partial differential equation for the Wigner function which is a generalized Fokker-Planck equation involving partial derivatives of the first, second and third order (2). In the semi-classical limit the third order derivatives are negligible and the Wigner distribution satisfies the Fokker-Planck equation equivalent to the Langevin equation with the formally classical Gaussian white noise ξ1, ξ2 with the only non-vanishing correlation coefficients β1, β2 are the mode amplitudes (normalized to photon numbers), g is the coupling constant, Δ1, 2 the frequency mismatch, x is the damping rate, Fp the amplitude of the pump field.
Second-harmonic generation in the no-energy-transfer regime can be a source of quasi-stationary sub-Poissonian light as was recently shown by Bajer et al ( Bajer J, Haderka O and Perina J 1999 J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 1 529 ). We generalize their results for higher-harmonic generation by applying the numerical method of Hamiltonian diagonalization and the analytical semiclassical description of classical trajectories. The quasi-stationary behaviour of the sub-Poissonian photocount noise in the no-energy-transfer regime is explained. An approximate formula for the Fano factor is derived for arbitrary harmonics. It is predicted that the deepest quasi-stationary reduction of photocount noise in the no-energy-transfer regime is achieved in the third-harmonic generation.