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arXiv:quant-ph/0109075

Quantum, classical and semiclassical analyses of photon statistics in harmonic generation

J. Bajer, Adam Miranowicz

Published Sep 15, 2001• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this review, we compare different descriptions of photon-number statistics in harmonic generation processes within quantum, classical and semiclassical approaches. First, we study the exact quantum evolution of the harmonic generation by applying numerical methods including those of Hamiltonian diagonalization and global characteristics. We show explicitly that the harmonic generations can indeed serve as a source of nonclassical light. Then, we demonstrate that the quasi-stationary sub-Poissonian light can be generated in these quantum processes under conditions corresponding to the so-called no-energy-transfer regime known in classical nonlinear optics. By applying method of classical trajectories, we demonstrate that the analytical predictions of the Fano factors are in good agreement with the quantum results. On comparing second and higher harmonic generations in the no-energy-transfer regime, we show that the highest noise reduction is achieved in third-harmonic generation with the Fano-factor of the third harmonic equal to 13/16.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0109075

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In this review, we compare different descriptions of photon-number statistics in harmonic generation processes within quantum, classical and semiclassical approaches. First, we study the exact quantum evolution of the harmonic generation by applying numerical methods including those of Hamiltonian diagonalization and global characteristics. We show explicitly that the harmonic generations can indeed serve as a source of nonclassical light. Then, we demonstrate that the quasi-stationary sub-Poissonian light can be generated in these quantum processes under conditions corresponding to the so-called no-energy-transfer regime known in classical nonlinear optics. By applying method of classical trajectories, we demonstrate that the analytical predictions of the Fano factors are in good agreement with the quantum results. On comparing second and higher harmonic generations in the no-energy-transfer regime, we show that the highest noise reduction is achieved in third-harmonic generation with the Fano-factor of the third harmonic equal to 13/16.
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We develop a semiclassical method to determine the nonlinear dynamics of dissipative quantum optical systems in the limit of large number of photons N; it is based on the 1/N-expansion and the quantum-classical correspondence. The method is used to tackle two problems: the study of the dynamics of nonclassical state generation in higher order anharmonic dissipative oscillators and the establishment of the difference between the quantum and classical dynamics of the second-harmonic generation in a self-pulsing regime. In addressing the first problem, we obtain an explicit time dependence of the squeezing and the Fano factor for an arbitrary degree of anharmonism in the short-time approximation. For the second problem, we analytically find a characteristic time scale at which the quantum dynamics differs insignificantly from the classical one.
Statistical properties of light generated in nonlinear optical couplers are discussed. Methods suitable for the description of non-classical properties of light are mentioned; special attention is paid to generalized superposition of coherent fields and noise. Regimes suitable for non-classical light generation in various types of nonlinear couplers based on second-harmonic and second- subharmonic generation, optical parametric processes, Kerr effect as well as Raman and Brillouin processes are analyzed. Special attention is devoted to the generation of light with sub-Poissonian statistics, squeezed light, and light in purely quantum states. Role of real effects like damping of optical fields and phase mismatches is also discussed.
The author reviews methods for generating sub-Poissonian light and related concepts. This light has energy fluctuations reduced below the level which corresponds to a classical Poissonian process (shot-noise level). After an introduction to the concept of nonclassical light, an overview is given of the main methods of quantum-noise reduction. Sub-Poissonian processes are exemplified in different areas of optics, ranging from single-atom resonance fluorescence to nonlinear optics, laser physics, and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Emphasis is placed on the conceptual foundations, and on developments in laser theory that lead to the possibility, already demonstrated experimentally, of linewidth narrowing and sub-Poissonian light generation in lasers and masers. The sources of quantum noise in these devices are analyzed, and four noise-suppression methods are discussed in detail: regularization of the pumping, suppression of spontaneous-emission noise, nonadiabatic evolution of the atomic variables, and twin-beam generation.