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Physical Review A

Population-grating transfer in cold cesium atoms

George C. Cardoso, V. R. de Carvalho, S. S. Vianna, J. W. R. Tabosa

Published Feb 1, 1999• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical-pumping-induced population-grating transfer between hyperfine levels of the cesium ${D}_{2}$ line is observed through four-wave mixing in a sample of cold atoms. Diffraction efficiencies of order of 1% have been measured for a large range of angular apertures. We have studied the angular dependence of the diffracted signal in the limit of small atomic velocities and discussed its application for a nondestructive diagnostic of the trap dynamic. Image processing with nearly degenerate frequency conversion was also demonstrated using this specific mechanism.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.1408

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Optical-pumping-induced population-grating transfer between hyperfine levels of the cesium D2{D}_{2}D2​ line is observed through four-wave mixing in a sample of cold atoms. Diffraction efficiencies of order of 1% have been measured for a large range of angular apertures. We have studied the angular dependence of the diffracted signal in the limit of small atomic velocities and discussed its application for a nondestructive diagnostic of the trap dynamic. Image processing with nearly degenerate frequency conversion was also demonstrated using this specific mechanism.
We have employed a sample of cold cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap to study nonlinear spectroscopy and four-wave-mixing optical phase conjugation using a noncycling transition. Reflectivities of the order of 1% have been measured for moderate levels of pump power and large angular aperture. In particular, we have performed nonlinear spectroscopy in a three-level V-type system and observed directly the ac Stark splitting of the cesium 6S1/2{6\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}6S1/2​, F=4 ground state.
We have experimentally investigated laser diffraction on electromagnetically induced gratings in a degenerate open two-level system. The experiment employs the standard backward four-wave mixing configuration and the open ${6S}_{1/2}(F=4)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}{(F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=4)$ transition of cold cesium atoms. Population and coherence gratings are accessed for different relative polarizations of the incident laser beams. Natural and subnatural linewidths are observed depending on which frequency of the incident beams is scanned and reveal the effect of the atomic motion on the diffraction spectra. A simple theoretical model using a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system is in reasonable agreement with the observed results and allowed us to make a close connection with the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency.