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IET Communications

Improved parallel weighted bit-flipping decoding algorithm for LDPC codes

Guanchang Li, G. Feng

Published Jan 7, 2009• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Aiming at seeking a low-complexity decoder with fast decoding convergence speed for short or medium low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, an improved parallel weighted bit-flipping (IPWBF) algorithm, which is applied flexibly for two classes of codes is presented here. For LDPC codes with low column weight in their parity check matrix, both bootstrapping and loop detection procedures, described in the existing literature, are included in IPWBF. Furthermore, a novel delay-handling procedure is introduced to prevent the codeword bits of high reliability from being flipped too hastily. For large column weight finite geometry LDPC codes, only the delay-handling procedure is included in IPWBF to show its effectiveness. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a good tradeoff between performance and complexity.

DOI
10.1049/iet-com:20070632

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Aiming at seeking a low-complexity decoder with fast decoding convergence speed for short or medium low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, an improved parallel weighted bit-flipping (IPWBF) algorithm, which is applied flexibly for two classes of codes is presented here. For LDPC codes with low column weight in their parity check matrix, both bootstrapping and loop detection procedures, described in the existing literature, are included in IPWBF. Furthermore, a novel delay-handling procedure is introduced to prevent the codeword bits of high reliability from being flipped too hastily. For large column weight finite geometry LDPC codes, only the delay-handling procedure is included in IPWBF to show its effectiveness. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a good tradeoff between performance and complexity.
To seek a decoding scheme with good performance, low complexity and fast convergence, we present an improved parallel weighted bit flipping (IPWBF) algorithm for finite geometry low-density parity-check codes whose parity check matrix is of heavy row and column weights. In the IPWBF, a bit flipping (BF) function and two parallel BF criteria, all of which scatter in the literature, are exploited jointly to serve our purpose. Meanwhile, differential evolution is used to optimize the involved parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an observable performance gain over its counterparts without any complexity penalty. Furthermore, with respect to other known low complexity decodings such as normalized BP-based, the IPWBF yields a new performance versus complexity tradeoff, that is, higher throughput at the expense of moderate performance loss.
Because of the speed limitation of the conventional bit-selection strategy in the existing weighted bit flipping algorithms, a high-speed Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) decoder cannot be realised. To solve this problem, we propose a fast weighted bit flipping algorithm. Specifically, based on the identically distributed error bits, a parallel bit-selection method is proposed to reduce the selection delay of the flipped bits. The delay analysis demonstrates that, the decoding speed of LDPC codes can be significantly improved by the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, simulation results verify the validity of the proposed algorithm.
The paper presents an improvement of the weighted bit-flipping (WBF) decoding algorithm for LDPC codes proposed by Liu and Pados (2003). Simulation results show that the improved WBF algorithm provides about 0.25 dB coding gain over the Liu–Pados WBF algorithm. Also included in the paper is a simplified loop-detection algorithm, which is much easier to implement than the one proposed by Liu and Pados. The proposed WBF algorithm is particularly effective for decoding LDPC codes whose parity check matrices have large row/column weights such as finite geometry LDPC codes.
Extensive simulations show that for some low density parity-check(LDPC)codes of low row/colum weight,the modified sum of the magnitude based weighted bit flipping(MSMWBF)decoding algorithm performs extraordinarily well.However,this dose not hold when it comes to large row/colum weight finite-geometry LDPC codes,which is first theoretically analyzed.Secondly,improvement in performance is observed for large row/colum weight LDPC codes by considering an additive offset term for the parity-check-equation reliability of the above algorithm.Simulation results show that the performance of the improved scheme is better than that of the MSMWBF algorithm about 0.63 dB at bit-error rate of 10-5 over the additive white Gaussian noise channel with only a modest increase in computational complexity.
In this paper, a weighted multiple bit flipping (WMBF) algorithman for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is proposed first. Then the improved WMBF algorithm which we call the efficient weighted bit-flipping (EWBF) algorithm is developed. The EWBF algorithm can dynamically choose either multiple bit-flipping or single bit-flipping in each iteration according to the log-likelihood ratio of the error probability of the received bits. Thus, it can efficiently increase the convergence speed of decoding and prevent the decoding process from falling into loop traps. Compared with the parallel weighted bit-flipping (PWBF) algorithm, the EWBF algorithm can achieve significantly lower computational complexity without performance degradation when the Euclidean geometry (EG)-LDPC codes are decoded. Furthermore, the flipping criterion does not require any parameter adjustment.
In this paper a fast version of the parallel weighted bit flipping LDPC decoding algorithm (PWBF) is presented. The idea, which allowed decreasing the computational complexity of the PWBF method, is based on the observation that in dependency on signal to noise ratio, many of the received bits in the codeword of LDPC code could be without error. The augmented algorithm makes tests based on syndromes and symbol involvement in parity checks, which are given by the factor graph corresponding to the chosen LDPC code in order to define so called guaranteed bits. These guaranteed bits do not participate in the decoding calculations further. Simulation results are presented, which show that there is not visible any significant performance deterioration by application of this method and that the approximate speed up of the decoding for the tested codes is about 25% on the selected hardware in comparison with the known PWBF.