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Quantum Electronics

High-intensity super-radiance pulses generated by an active medium placed in a two-dimensional Bragg structure

V. R. Baryshev, N. S. Ginzburg

Published Jan 31, 2011• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibility is shown of using two-dimensional Bragg structures for generating short super-radiance (SR) pulses of high intensity. The structures provide spatial synchronisation of the radiation in two orthogonal directions in the active medium with large Fresnel parameters. In contrast to the SR effects without Bragg structure, an efficient generation of SR arises in an active medium with the dimensions not exceeding the inverse increment with the intensity by several orders of magnitude greater than the SR intensity of the same medium in a free space.

DOI
10.1070/qe2011v041n01abeh014307

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The possibility is shown of using two-dimensional Bragg structures for generating short super-radiance (SR) pulses of high intensity. The structures provide spatial synchronisation of the radiation in two orthogonal directions in the active medium with large Fresnel parameters. In contrast to the SR effects without Bragg structure, an efficient generation of SR arises in an active medium with the dimensions not exceeding the inverse increment with the intensity by several orders of magnitude greater than the SR intensity of the same medium in a free space.
The superradiance (SR) phenomenon is considered for the case of a medium consisting of two resonant components. It is shown that the dynamics of emission in this case differs essentially from that for a monocomponent medium. The use of a two-component medium results in a substantial weakness in the requirements for duration of the pumping pulse. The peak pulse intensity of superradiance for the case of a two-component medium can exceed that for each of the components separately. By varying the active medium length and concentration of components we can control the spatiotemporal dynamics of emission. This enables us to transform the broadened pumping pulse of a lower intensity into the ultrashort high intensity pulse of SR.
A method is proposed for substantially reducing the length of superradiance pulses and increasing their intensity. The idea is to introduce an additional coherent resonant component, with a higher Rabi frequency, in a superradiance medium. The superradiance intensity of a two-component medium of this sort can be substantially higher than that of either component individually. The pump pulse can be several orders of magnitude longer than the generation pulse. The parameters of the generation pulse are controlled by varying the length and composition of the active medium.
We present a three-dimensional theory of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) or super-radiance. In particular we address how the spatial and temporal properties of the generated SRS beam or Stokes beam of radiation depends on the spatial properties of the gain medium. Maxwell equations for the Stokes field operators and of the atomic operators are solved analytically and a correlation function for the Stokes field is derived. In the analysis we identify a super-radiating part of the Stokes radiation that exhibit beam characteristics. We show how the intensity in this beam builds up in time and at some point largely dominates the total Stokes radiation of the gain medium. We show how the SRS depends on the Fresnel number and the optical depth and that in fact these two factors are the only factors describing the coherent radiation.
Peculiarities of the implementation of a superradiant generation mode in a laser with a distributed feedback of the waves and an inhomogeneously broadened spectral line of the active medium are investigated. Based on a numerical solution of the semiclassical Maxwell-Bloch equations for the amplitudes of counterpropagating electromagnetic waves, polarization, and inversion of a two-level medium population, it is shown that a sequence of coherent high-power pulses is generated by the Bragg structure in a wide range of the laser parameters as a result of the selected mode and the cw pumping.
We investigate superradiant lasing in 1D photonic crystal taking into account both homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening in a two-level active medium. The latter may be based on, e.g., the quantum-well heterostructures and the fibers activated by color centers where Bragg structure can be fabricated artificially by means of a periodic modulation of the cladding layers. The truncated Maxwell-Bloch equations for the counter-propagating waves, the polarization and inversion of an inhomogeneously broadened two-level medium are used to analyze numerically the interplay between the back-scattering, amplification, dispersion, and de-phasing of waves. It is found that, if the photonic band gap is less than the coherent amplification bandwidth, there is a wide range of the pumping and relaxation parameters of a two-level medium where superradiant lasing exists and results in generation of a quasi-periodic and/or chaotic series of powerful and short pulses similar to those of Dicke superfluorescence. It is the cavity mode selection due to distributed feedback caused by the resonant Bragg structure which is responsible for the existence of superradiant lasing. Typical parameters of superradiant photonic-crystal lasers, including lengths, photonic band gaps and relaxation rates, are indicated.